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1. NBS/hv or Br2/hv 2. NaCN 3. H3O*. Heat

1. NBS/hv or Br2/hv 2. NaCN 3. H3O*. Heat

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Give the major organic product for each step of the following reaction
**Reaction Scheme Explanation for Educational Website** The provided reaction scheme illustrates the transformation of toluene to benzoic acid using a three-step process. 1. **Starting Material**: Toluene (methylbenzene). 2. **Step 1**: Bromination. - Reagents: \(N\)-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of light (\(hv\)) or elemental bromine (\(Br_2\)) in the presence of light (\(hv\)). - Description: This step involves the bromination of the methyl group attached to the benzene ring, forming benzyl bromide. 3. **Step 2**: Nucleophilic Substitution. - Reagent: Sodium Cyanide (NaCN). - Description: Benzyl bromide reacts with sodium cyanide in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form benzyl cyanide (phenylacetonitrile). 4. **Step 3**: Hydrolysis. - Reagent: Acidic aqueous solution (\(H_3O^+\)) and heat. - Description: Benzyl cyanide is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution and heat to form benzoic acid as the final product. **Diagram Description**: The diagram shows the structure of toluene on the left. An arrow points to the right, indicating the transformation of toluene. Above this arrow, three sets of conditions are listed sequentially: 1. NBS/hv or \(Br_2\)/hv. 2. NaCN. 3. \(H_3O^+\) with heat. This step-by-step process illustrates a common organic chemistry synthesis sequence starting from a simple aromatic hydrocarbon and resulting in a carboxylic acid derivative.
Transcribed Image Text:**Reaction Scheme Explanation for Educational Website** The provided reaction scheme illustrates the transformation of toluene to benzoic acid using a three-step process. 1. **Starting Material**: Toluene (methylbenzene). 2. **Step 1**: Bromination. - Reagents: \(N\)-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of light (\(hv\)) or elemental bromine (\(Br_2\)) in the presence of light (\(hv\)). - Description: This step involves the bromination of the methyl group attached to the benzene ring, forming benzyl bromide. 3. **Step 2**: Nucleophilic Substitution. - Reagent: Sodium Cyanide (NaCN). - Description: Benzyl bromide reacts with sodium cyanide in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form benzyl cyanide (phenylacetonitrile). 4. **Step 3**: Hydrolysis. - Reagent: Acidic aqueous solution (\(H_3O^+\)) and heat. - Description: Benzyl cyanide is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution and heat to form benzoic acid as the final product. **Diagram Description**: The diagram shows the structure of toluene on the left. An arrow points to the right, indicating the transformation of toluene. Above this arrow, three sets of conditions are listed sequentially: 1. NBS/hv or \(Br_2\)/hv. 2. NaCN. 3. \(H_3O^+\) with heat. This step-by-step process illustrates a common organic chemistry synthesis sequence starting from a simple aromatic hydrocarbon and resulting in a carboxylic acid derivative.
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