1. Measuring wind velocity depends on the height and time at which a measurement is taken. Multiple readings must be taken and averaged because gusts and changes in direction affect the value. A. Random Error B. Systematic Error 2. When taking a volume reading in a flask, you may read the value from a different angle each time. A. Random Error B. Systematic Error 3. Readings must be estimated when they fall between marks on a scale or when the thickness of a measurement marking is taken into account. A. Random Error B. Systematic Error 4. Measuring length with a metal ruler will give a different result at a cold temperature than at a hot temperature, due to thermal expansion of the material. A. Random Error B. Systematic Error 5. An improperly calibrated thermometer may give accurate readings within a certain temperature range, but become inaccurate at higher or lower temperatures. A. Random Error B. Systematic Error
Kinetic Theory of Gas
The Kinetic Theory of gases is a classical model of gases, according to which gases are composed of molecules/particles that are in random motion. While undergoing this random motion, kinetic energy in molecules can assume random velocity across all directions. It also says that the constituent particles/molecules undergo elastic collision, which means that the total kinetic energy remains constant before and after the collision. The average kinetic energy of the particles also determines the pressure of the gas.
P-V Diagram
A P-V diagram is a very important tool of the branch of physics known as thermodynamics, which is used to analyze the working and hence the efficiency of thermodynamic engines. As the name suggests, it is used to measure the changes in pressure (P) and volume (V) corresponding to the thermodynamic system under study. The P-V diagram is used as an indicator diagram to control the given thermodynamic system.
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