¹H NMRChemical Shift:H-C(sp³)-RR = H, C(sp³)R = C(sp²)R = O, N, XY = C (regular alkene)Y = C (benzene ring)Y = O (aldehyde)0-2 ppm-2 ppm-4 ppm4-6 ppm6-8 ppm10 ppmH-C(sp²)-RHydrogens bonded to O, N, or S can show up anywhere on an NMR spectrum. They areusually broad singlets. Multiple electron-withdrawing groups lead to somewhat higher chem.shifts, e.g. a hydrogen bonded to an sp³-hybridized carbon that is also bonded to an oxygenand an sp²-hybridized carbon might show up around 5 ppm rather than ~2 ppm or ~4 ppm.Multiplicity: A signal is split into a new shape based on the number and types of neighbors,following the n+1 rule. (1 neighbor = 2 lines = doublet) The space between these lines isknown as the coupling constant. For every different type of neighbor, you get anothersplitting following the n+1 rule (1 neighbor A and 2 neighbors B gives a doublet of triplets ora triplet of doublets, they are the same).13C NMRChemical Shift:C(sp³) attached to other carbons or hydrogens: 0-50 ppmC(sp³) attached to an electronegative atom (O, N, X): 30-80 ppmC(sp²) of an alkene or benzene ring: 100-150 ppmC(sp²) of a carbonyl = 155-220 ppmMultiplicity: All carbon signals appear as singlets. There are two reasons for this. We do notnotice 13C-13C coupling because these isotopes are rare and unlikely to be present in thesame molecule as each other. Also, the 13C spectra we look at are "decoupled," whichmeans the splitting of the carbon nucleus due to the hydrogen nucleus has beenmathematically nullified. This decoupling process additionally affects the ability to accuratelyintegrate carbon signals. If there are two carbons labeled "B" and one carbon labeled "A," thesignal for the "B" carbon would likely be larger, but not exactly twice as large.For this worksheet, unlike NMR Worksheets 1 and 2, you will need to considerwhether protons/groups are diastereotopic. 1. Label the protons on the structures, using letters to designate the chemically equivalentones. Use a letter and the same letter with a prime (') to denote diastereotopic protons.Example:요오2. Label the protons on each of the following molecules. Use a letter and the same letterwith a prime (') to denote protons that are diastereotopic.Example:CGABrThen, fill in the prediction table for each molecule. Remember that you can get complexsplitting when there are different types of neighbors. There may be more rows than you willneed. NOTE: Diastereotopic protons on the same carbon are considered "neighbors."diastereotopicmethyl groupsOHHH'FF'=E"Compound A"HB HBBrH Label Integral MultiplicityA1d1ddq3d1ddBCDEFFF'GHH'111133dddddddqqddH Label Integral MultiplicityApprox. Chem Shift4-6 ppm-2 ppm0-2 ppm4-6 ppm4-6 ppm-2 ppm-2 ppm-2 ppm0-2 ppm0-2 ppmApprox. Chem Shift

The technique used for structure elucidation by the interaction of the nuclear spin in different…

1. Label the protons on the structures, using letters to designate the chemically equivalent ones. Use a letter and the same letter with a prime (') to denote diastereotopic protons. Example: 요오 2. Label the protons on each of the following molecules. Use a letter and the same letter with a prime (') to denote protons that are diastereotopic. H Example: с B G Then, fill in the prediction table for each molecule. Remember that you can get complex splitting when there are different types of neighbors. There may be more rows than you will need. NOTE: Diastereotopic protons on the same carbon are considered "neighbors." G Br diastereotopic methyl groups ******* = HH H'FF' D E Br "Compound A" A. Ha Ha H Label Integral A 1 B с CDEFGH F' H' 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 Multiplicity d ddq d dd ddd dd dd 99 d d H Label Integral Multiplicity Approx. Chem Shift 4-6 ppm -2 ppm 0-2 ppm 4-6 ppm 4-6 ppm -2 ppm -2 ppm -2 ppm 0-2 ppm 0-2 ppm Approx. Chem Shift

1. Label the protons on the structures, using letters to designate the chemically equivalent ones. Use a letter and the same letter with a prime (') to denote diastereotopic protons. Example: 요오 2. Label the protons on each of the following molecules. Use a letter and the same letter with a prime (') to denote protons that are diastereotopic. H Example: с B G Then, fill in the prediction table for each molecule. Remember that you can get complex splitting when there are different types of neighbors. There may be more rows than you will need. NOTE: Diastereotopic protons on the same carbon are considered "neighbors." G Br diastereotopic methyl groups ******* = HH H'FF' D E Br "Compound A" A. Ha Ha H Label Integral A 1 B с CDEFGH F' H' 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 Multiplicity d ddq d dd ddd dd dd 99 d d H Label Integral Multiplicity Approx. Chem Shift 4-6 ppm -2 ppm 0-2 ppm 4-6 ppm 4-6 ppm -2 ppm -2 ppm -2 ppm 0-2 ppm 0-2 ppm Approx. Chem Shift

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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