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1. Explain the difference between reflection and refraction

1. Explain the difference between reflection and refraction

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0 < C Get Hoek Felp With Chro X 1 1 a 1001 Home Chengcom x File C/Users/azan/Downloads/CGG%20Ray%20trading%20cxercise%20-%20Marina.pdf +09 Air Gun Energy Source seawater velocity=1478 m/s water depth=509 m Sandstone velocity=2793 m/s thickness1003 mudstone velocity-2240 m/s thickness=373 m Note: stations to cal Hydrophone Receivers 1 seafloor sand/mud 10 CHe Salve delow Questions CGG 1. Explain the difference between reflection and refraction. 2. In the marine seismic acquisition example shown, you are interested in two events observed in the seismic trace that is recorded at the first hydrophone. One is a first-order multiple (double bounce) off the seafloor. The other is a primary reflection from the sand/mud interface for which the energy ray-path has a takeoff angle of 9 degrees from vertical as shown. Assume horizontal rock layers and isotropic velocities. Which of the two events arrives at the hydrophone first-the primary or the multiple? Clearly show your calculations and include a simple drawing of the two- event seismic trace. 3. How long does it take for energy to travel directly from the air gun to the first hydrophone ino bounces)? 4. What is the maximum takeoff angle at which saismic energy can reflect from the sand/mud interface? Explain what happens to the energy for larger angles 5. Explain the relative direction of travel for energy that is transmitted into the mudstone. x + ING 40 304 PM 5/20/3022 X
Transcribed Image Text:0 < C Get Hoek Felp With Chro X 1 1 a 1001 Home Chengcom x File C/Users/azan/Downloads/CGG%20Ray%20trading%20cxercise%20-%20Marina.pdf +09 Air Gun Energy Source seawater velocity=1478 m/s water depth=509 m Sandstone velocity=2793 m/s thickness1003 mudstone velocity-2240 m/s thickness=373 m Note: stations to cal Hydrophone Receivers 1 seafloor sand/mud 10 CHe Salve delow Questions CGG 1. Explain the difference between reflection and refraction. 2. In the marine seismic acquisition example shown, you are interested in two events observed in the seismic trace that is recorded at the first hydrophone. One is a first-order multiple (double bounce) off the seafloor. The other is a primary reflection from the sand/mud interface for which the energy ray-path has a takeoff angle of 9 degrees from vertical as shown. Assume horizontal rock layers and isotropic velocities. Which of the two events arrives at the hydrophone first-the primary or the multiple? Clearly show your calculations and include a simple drawing of the two- event seismic trace. 3. How long does it take for energy to travel directly from the air gun to the first hydrophone ino bounces)? 4. What is the maximum takeoff angle at which saismic energy can reflect from the sand/mud interface? Explain what happens to the energy for larger angles 5. Explain the relative direction of travel for energy that is transmitted into the mudstone. x + ING 40 304 PM 5/20/3022 X
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