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2021/FA PHYO-31-1420
Merium Mubarak
Oct 7, 2021 at 3:21 PM
1. Explain tetanus in skeletal muscle. Can the cardiac muscle be
tetanized? Why or Why not?
2. A 50 year old woman, Darvessa, suffers from asthma, and
takes a drug which is a beta agonist. This drug relieves her
symptoms by causing bronchodilation in her respiratory tract.
However, after a couple of weeks she returns to her doctor
complaining of palpitations. Using your knowledge of physiology
can you explain her palpitations after the use of the drug beta
agonist.
3. Dr. Williams Black has two patients admitted in his hospital
with some form of weakness in their voluntary movements.
Patient 1 complained of weakness in his right arm for two days.
Patient 2 complained of difficulty in walking which has
developed over the past six months. Based on these complaints
he makes a diagnosis of an upper motor neuron lesion in patient
1 and a lower motor neuron in patient 2. What physical signs do
you expect to see in these patients?
4. Three-years old Alejandro tripped over a box and hurt his left
knee. He began to cry and called his mommy. His mother rushed
to his side and pressed hard on his knee where he said hurt
most. In a few seconds Andrew stopped crying. Using your
knowledge of physiology identify the mechanism that was
responsible to decrease Andrew's pain when his mother pressed
on his knee. Where will the pain sensation be perceived in the
cerebral cortex (left or right primary somatosensory cortex?
5. A 45-year old woman Kohana Kei, who had never needed to
wear glasses, experienced difficulty reading a menu in a
restaurant. Lately, she has also been experiencing difficulty in
reading the newspaper. Her family physician, Dr. Miya Hiroki,
told her that it was because of her age. What changes occur in
the eye with age that causes far-sightedness? What changes
occur in the eye during near vision?
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During normal vision in people having no defects, the normal vision takes place as follows-
The entry of light takes place inside the eyes through cornea. This layer acts as a protective covering for the front area of the eye and it's function is focussing of light on the retina present at the back of the eye. Then the light when passed through the cornea, travels through the pupil.
The iris is the part surrounding the pupil. The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by it.The lens is situated behind the iris. It's capable of changing it's shape and focussing light onto the retina. With the action of muscles known as ciliary muscles, the thickening of the lens take place so that the nearby objects can be focussed and also the thinning of the lens take place for focussing distant objects.Then the light is focussed on the retina present at the back of the eye. The visual information is sent to the optic nerve and then to the brain.