1. Enumerate and differentiate briefly the different forms of calcium in the blood. 2. What are the three hormones in the body which regulate the blood calcium level? What is the mechanism of action of each?
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1. Enumerate and differentiate briefly the different forms of calcium in the blood.
2. What are the three hormones in the body which regulate the blood calcium level? What is the mechanism of action of each?
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- 8. Discuss the process of calcium homeostasis. List the three hormones involved and discuss the role they each play.24.When blood calcium is falling, the wrong statement is: a. Parathyroid hormone is secreted from parathyroid gland. b. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activation of vitamin D. c. Parathyroid hormone stimulates Ca reabsorption in the Kidney. d. Parathyroid hormone enhances Ca absorption in the intestine e. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D enhances osteoclast cells to break down bones and releasing Ca to the blood1
- 13. Briefly descīibe how each of the following affect bone development, growth and maintenance: Calcium. Phosphorus, Protein, Vitamin D (calcitriol), sex hormones (estrogen & testosterone), gravity and activity. 14. Describe how Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin and the bones are involved in the negative feedback control of blood Ca2+ levels. 15. Differentiate compound and simple fractures. Describe the following fractures and identify the common population for: greenstick, comminuted, spiral, and compression. 16. Describe the basic steps of bone healing.1 and 2 help. 1.) Which of the following glands play a role in maintaining blood calcium levels? A.) Anterior and posterior pituitary glands B.) Thyroid and parathyroid glands C.) Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex D.) Pancreas and parathyroid glands 2.) Exercising strenuously without drinking enough water causes an increase in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood plasma. This increase is detected by A.) osmoreceptors in the posterior pituitary gland B.) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus C.) neurosecretory cells in the posterior pituitary gland D.) neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus8. Why do you think these individuals require different amounts of calcium? (Think about the body and bone health throughout the life cycle.)
- 29.Low blood Ca+2 is disruptive to homeostasis for which of the following reasons, not related to bone formation or physiology. (check all that apply) Group of answer choices the brain cannot communicate properly as a result of low blood Ca+2 the heart muscle does not contract properly as a result of low blood Ca+2 bones become less dense as a result of low blood Ca+2 bones will not elongate properly as a result of low blood Ca+214. What of the follow is not an effect of antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)? Retains body H20 a. b. Increases blood pressure Decreases extracellular solute concentration d. Stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus e. Causes a reduction in the volume of urine produced 15. Which of the following pituitary disorders results in small stature and occurs because of a deficit in growth hormone (GH)? to. Gigantism Dwarfism Acromegaly d. Diabetes insipidus Grave's Disease 16. Long term, chronic stress causes cortisol to be released from where? adrenal cortex a. b. Liver C. Pancreas d. Pituitary Gland Ce.Hypothalamus1. What are tropic hormones? 2. What are TRH and TSH? 3. Why are they referred to as tropic hormones? 4. Which cells in the thyroid help in producing T3 and T4? 5. Which trace elements is critical for the synthesis of T3 and T4? 6. Which cells in the thyroid gland produce calcitonin? 7. Which mineral is regulated by calcitonin?
- 3. Based on the major effect of thyroid hormone, explain why the hyperthyroid rat would be expected to lose weight:12. Which of the following choices is CORRECT? A. trabeculae is the basic functional unit of compact bone B. Ca3(PO4) (hydroxyapatite) is the organic minerals contained in bone extracellular matrix C. Testosterone is hormone that is used in homone therapy to reduce osteoporosis in males D. Rickets is a condition that may cause bow legs in a child E. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) functions to increase the level of Ca in the blood F. All of the above G. Both A and B H. C, D and E2. There are several functions of the thyroid hormone: list 3 major effects of thyroid hormone (T3/T4):