1. Discuss how the pH and temperature affect the solubility of protein.  2. Explain "salting-in" in your own words.

Q: Identify the major and minor grooves in the DNA molecule PDB ID 141D. In addition, one end of a…

A: DNA is two strands of polynucleotide linked to each other in an antiparallel direction by hydrogen…

Q: Which of the following is a key difference between amylose and cellulose? amylose is a branched…

A: Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides based on the…

Q: What effect is seen on a Lineweaver-Burke graph when a non-competitive inhibitor is added to an…

A: Introduction: Enzyme kinetics deals with the study of enzyme reaction rates and the condition that…

Q: How many reduced molecules (NADH, FADH2, NADPH) will be generated by converting lineoleic acid…

A: The fats are stored in eukaryotes as triglycerides that are broken down using the enzyme Lipase to…

Q: Provide 3 most applications/purposes of DNA analysis.

A: Recall that: DNA is the genetic material passed down from one generation to another, ie, the…

Q: What are the 3 steps of amino acid degradation:

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that act as the building blocks of proteins. Biologically important…

Q: molecule with a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end

A: Molecules with a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end are known as amphipathic molecules. Such molecules…

Q: 2. You made a pH=2.5 buffer solution by mixing NaOH and glycine to give a solution that is 0.20 M in…

A: Dissociation of a weak acid is mathematically described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH =…

Q: Many proteins that remain homogeneously distributed in water have molecular masses in the range of…

A: A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles are intermediate in size…

Q: PEP and 2-PG have similar amounts of potential metabolic energy with respect to decomposition to Pi,…

A: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Glycolysis converts glucose into two molecules of…

Q: Based on the amino acids present in the segments between the breakers, what do you predict the…

A: A protein's function depends on its structure. There are four levels of protein structure: primary,…

Q: Carbohydrates and proteins each generate 4kcal/g when oxidized in the bomb calorimeter but in…

A: Cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate…

Q: What are the major functions of carbohydrates? Which functional group in a monosaccharide causes it…

A: Chemically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They have the general formula :…

Q: Recall that vmax is achieved only at high substrate concentrations. Do you predict that vmax will…

A: Enzyme kinetics is the study of enzyme reactions rates and the conditions which affect them. Enzyme…

Q: How many glucose and amino acid molecules need to be used in order to obtain the same amount of…

A: Glucose is oxidized through glycolysis and the TCA cycle in aerobic conditions. Fatty acids are…

Q: Which of the following laws of matter best describes the statements on sulfide minerals? Select one:…

A: INTRODUCTION : Sulfide minerals -  They are a class of minerals consisting of sulfide or disulfide…

Q: ● What are the three things we need to know in order to begin to understand the way an active site…

A: Enzymes are high molecular weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. The substrate binds…

Q: Based on how data is collected in the techniques of X-ray crystallography compared to NMR, the…

A: X-ray crystallography uses X-rays to determine the structure of a molecule. NMR uses strong local…

Q: What technique seperates proteins based on their ionic charge?

A: Proteins are high molecular weight polymers of amino acid residues, linked via a peptide bond. Amino…

Q: The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate: P: +…

A: Given Values: ∆G°=13.8 kJ/mol or 13800 J/mol[Pi] = 5 mM[Glucose] = 5 mM

Q: The drug troglitazone was used to treat diabetes but was withdrawn from the market when patients who…

A: Parameters such as Km and Vmax are used for comparing enzyme activities. If we know the initial rate…

Q: Would you expect the structure of a competitive inhibitor of a given enzyme to be similar to that of…

A: Enzyme inhibition is a process by which the activity of an enzyme is altered. Inhibitors are…

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) Hexokinase IV is allosterically inhibited by…

A: Enzyme plays an important role in all the metabolic activities in our body. They themselves remain…

Q: Beer's Law to determine Protein Concentration You have purified a recombinant form of the p53…

A: The determination of protein concentration is necessary for diverse biochemical experiments. The…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of a competitive inhibitor? A) Its effects can be overcome by…

A: Competitive inhibitor- It competes with the substrate for the active site of an enzyme, while the…

Q: The production of amino acids from proteins is an example of: a. a non-enzymatic reaction b.…

A: Proteins are large molecular weight polymers of amino acids with diverse biological functions.  Many…

Q: ATCase catalyzes the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate into N-carbamoylaspartate, a…

A: Aspartate carbamoyltransferase is also known as aspartate transcarbamoylase or ATCase. It catalyzed…

Q: 1. What is the possible identity of the amino acid? [ Select] V 2. What is the isoelectric point of…

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group that is…

Q: 3. Given the following peptide sequence, GSICDNCR, the estimated net charge at the given pH is: a)…

A: Peptides: Organic substances known as amino acids include both amino and carboxylic acid functional…

Q: What is DNA? Provide a 5-sentence long description only.

A: Nucleic acids, large macromolecules are necessary for all organisms and viruses to function. The…

Q: a) b) Shown below is a DNA sequence that encodes for a section of a protein. Please write the amino…

A: In our body genetic information is stored in form of DNA. DNA multiples itself by replication. DNA…

Q: Which amino acid pair constitutes the hydrophobic patch on sickle cell hemoglobin that results in…

A: Sickle cell disease is caused due to inversion of one base pair (A -> T). Due to which, the sixth…

Q: What would be the standard free energy change if FADH 2 is used to reduce O 2 to water? Standard…

A: Biological oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one biomolecule,…

Q: True or False for each question (       ) Guanine, Adenine, Uracil, and Cytosine are commonly found…

A: The biological macromolecules are classified as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.…

Q: Recall that vmax is achieved only at high substrate concentrations. Based on your answers to…

A: Competitive inhibitors of enzymes resemble one of the substrates of an enzyme.

Q: Draw the following Lipids in: A) Condensed (detailed) Structure, B) its Block Diagram. C)…

A: Phospholipids are compound lipids composed of fatty acid, alcohol, nitrogen containing molecules,…

Q: RNA polymerase is found in the mitochondrial matrix.  True  False

A: The "powerhouses" of the cell are frequently referred to as mitochondria. They assist in converting…

Q: Why do some starch products set as they cool?

A: Introduction Starch is a carbohydrate which is commonly found in nature like wheat, rice, potatoes…

Q: Select the chemical consequences that could contribute to DNA instability at AP sites. fewer…

A: AP sites are apuraniya sites that are created through the hydrolysis of N glycosyl bond between…

Q: Yeast cells are grown with galactose as the sole carbon source and ATP levels are abundant. Describe…

A: GAL genes: The GAL genes, which include structural (GAL1, GAL10, GAL2, and GAL7) and regulatory…

Q: Lactate dehydrogenase isoforms contain "H" and "M" subunits. In total, how many subunits are found…

A: - A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another. - Enzyme…

Q: Process: State (at right)

A: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. The proteins embedded in the membrane (…

Q: How many of the following statements are true? Allosteric enzymes display sigmoidal kinetics for…

A: Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that possess additional binding sites known as allosteric sites.…

Q: The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton…

A: In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons pass through four enzyme complexes, that…

Q: Ph.D Fernando, Harvard Professor of Genetic Epidemiology, knows a thing or two about Twins. He must…

A: S-adenosyl-methionine: It is a typical cosubstrate used in amino-propylation, transsulfuration,…

Q: Which one of the following statements about PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) synthesis is correct? Pyruvate…

A: PEP, also known as 2-phosphoenolpyruvate, is a crucial biochemical intermediary. It participates in…

Q: Given the following enzyme-catalyzed reaction, identify the class and subclass of the enzyme…

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group that is…

Q: Refer to the chromatograph (Figure 1) below and answer the questions that follow: What is the…

A: Affinity chromatography is a separation technique that takes advantage of the ligand specificity…

Q: The second high energy intermediate metabolite of glycolysis that can be used for substrate level…

A: Nonessential amino acids can be synthesized in the body in which the cells provide the carbon…

Q: What explains the 10,000 to 1 selectivity of the potassium channel for K+ over Na+ considering that…

A: Channels are membrane proteins that allow biomolecules or ions to pass through them. Ion selective…

Proteins

We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.  

Protein Expression

The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.