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1. Dehydration: ● ● • 2. Oxidation: ALCOHOLS This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. ● Types of Reaction(s) For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. .. For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations 3. Esterification: 0 The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O 4. Substitution: Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. 1. Cleavage reactions: ● Ethers can be cleaved by strong acids, such as HBr or Hi, to form alkyl halides and alcohols. 2. Williamson ether synthesis: ETHERS This is a method for the synthesis of ethers by the reaction of a alkoxide ion with an alkyl hallde. 3. Acid-catalyzed dehydration: An ether is converted into an alkene by the elimination of a wa molecule under acidic conditions. 4. Oxidation: Ethers can be oxidized with strong oxidizing agents, such as peracids or chromium reagents, to form carbonyl compounds. However, ethers are generally less prone to oxidation compare to alcohols

1. Dehydration: ● ● • 2. Oxidation: ALCOHOLS This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. ● Types of Reaction(s) For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. .. For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations 3. Esterification: 0 The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O 4. Substitution: Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. 1. Cleavage reactions: ● Ethers can be cleaved by strong acids, such as HBr or Hi, to form alkyl halides and alcohols. 2. Williamson ether synthesis: ETHERS This is a method for the synthesis of ethers by the reaction of a alkoxide ion with an alkyl hallde. 3. Acid-catalyzed dehydration: An ether is converted into an alkene by the elimination of a wa molecule under acidic conditions. 4. Oxidation: Ethers can be oxidized with strong oxidizing agents, such as peracids or chromium reagents, to form carbonyl compounds. However, ethers are generally less prone to oxidation compare to alcohols

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1. Dehydration: • 2. Oxidation: Background Layout Theme ALCOHOLS This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. 3. Esterification: aker notes Transition For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. 4. Substitution: In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. Types of Reaction(s) For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. • 1 1 1. Cleavage reactions: * 1 * 2. Williamson ether synthesis: 1 3. Acid-catalyzed dehydration: 1 Ethers can be cleaved by strong acids, such as HBr or HI, to alkyl halides and alcohols. 4. Oxidation: ETHERS * B *** [** This is a method for the synthesis of ethers by the reaction of an alkoxide ion with an alkyl hallde. An ether is converted into an alkene by the elimination of a water molecule under acidic conditions. Ethers can be oxidized with strong oxidizing agents, such as peracids or chromium reagents, to form carbonyl compounds. However, ethers are generally less prone to oxidation compared to alcohols
Transcribed Image Text:1. Dehydration: • 2. Oxidation: Background Layout Theme ALCOHOLS This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. 3. Esterification: aker notes Transition For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. 4. Substitution: In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. Types of Reaction(s) For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. • 1 1 1. Cleavage reactions: * 1 * 2. Williamson ether synthesis: 1 3. Acid-catalyzed dehydration: 1 Ethers can be cleaved by strong acids, such as HBr or HI, to alkyl halides and alcohols. 4. Oxidation: ETHERS * B *** [** This is a method for the synthesis of ethers by the reaction of an alkoxide ion with an alkyl hallde. An ether is converted into an alkene by the elimination of a water molecule under acidic conditions. Ethers can be oxidized with strong oxidizing agents, such as peracids or chromium reagents, to form carbonyl compounds. However, ethers are generally less prone to oxidation compared to alcohols
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