1. Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl) is a topical anesthetic that boils at 12 °C. When liquid chloroethane is released from a pressurized spray can, it expands and cools rapidly, numbing the skin. Describe the bonding in this compound. (Refer to the structure of ethane.)

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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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1. Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl) is a topical anesthetic that boils at 12 °C. When liquid chloroethane is released from a pressurized spray can, it expands and cools rapidly, numbing the skin. Describe the bonding in this compound. (Refer to the structure of ethane.) 

2.  Putrescine is one of the compounds responsible for the odor of decaying animal tissue. Identify the nitrogen-containing functional groups in putrescine. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom?

3. Consider the structure of dimethyl sulfoxide given below, and calculate the formal charges of sulfur and oxygen. 

4. Consider the structure of nitromethane, a compound used to increase the power in some specialized race car engines. A nitrogen–oxygen single bond length is 136 pm; a nitrogen–oxygen double bond length is 114 pm. The nitrogen–oxygen bonds in nitromethane are equal and are 122 pm. Explain the data in terms of the electronic structure of nitromethane. 

5. When comparing NaCl and LiCl, the bond between Liand Cl- will be expected to be stronger. This is AS A RESULT OF

6. How are orbitals involved in the formation of covalent bonds?   

7. A covalent bond in an HBr molecule can undergo heterolytic and homolytic fission in a chemical reaction. Use chemical equations to distinguish between these two types of bond breakage.

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