1. chemical bond 2. ionic bond 3. covalent bond 4. metallic bond G. N. Lewis 5. 6. octet rule 7. Lewis/Electron Dot symbols 8. Lewis structures. 9. covalency 10. single bond 11. double bond 12. triple bond 13. bonding electrons 14. nonbonding electrons 15. electronegativity 16. polar covalent bond 17. bond length 18. nonpolar covalent bond 19. Formal charge 20. dipole moment a. refers to the electrostatic forces that exist between ions of opposite charges between a strong metal and a nonmetal b. results from the sharing of electrons between atoms of nonmetals c. hypothesize that atoms interact to gain stability by changing the outermost (valence) configuration so as to attain the electronic configuration of a noble gas d. the force that holds atoms together to from ionic or molecular compound e. force that holds several metallic atoms together f. number of covalent bonds formed g. It states that an element has the tendency to achieve an electronic configuration with eight valence electrons. h. combination of Lewis symbols representing the transfer or sharing of electrons in a chemical bond measure of the degree of polarity of a molecule results from the unequal sharing of electrons which is formed when one atom has greater electronegativity than another in a covalently bonded molecule k. shows valence electrons as dot surrounding the symbols of the elements 1. lone pairs of electrons that belong solely to an individual atom m. the distance between the centers of two bonded atoms i. j. hypothetical charge an atom would have if bonding electrons are shared equally and lone pairs belong solely to a single atom o. results from the equal sharing of electrons which is formed when two atoms of the same electronegativity donates both electrons to make the bond p. formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons q. the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons towards its nucleus r. electrons involved in covalent bond formation s. formed when atoms share a single pair of electrons t. stable arrangement of electrons u. formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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