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1. Chapter 38 is about plant reproduction and yet it focuses mainly on angiosperms. Why? Give three reasons in your answer.

1. Chapter 38 is about plant reproduction and yet it focuses mainly on angiosperms. Why? Give three reasons in your answer.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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1. Chapter 38 is about plant reproduction and yet it focuses mainly on angiosperms. Why? Give three reasons in your answer. 2. Plants have the ability to reproduce asexually as well as sexually. What are some examples of how plants can use stems, leaves and flowers as asexual modes? Why might asexual reproduction be considered more efficient for plants? 3. Review the diagram of an angiosnorm lifo
Transcribed Image Text:1. Chapter 38 is about plant reproduction and yet it focuses mainly on angiosperms. Why? Give three reasons in your answer. 2. Plants have the ability to reproduce asexually as well as sexually. What are some examples of how plants can use stems, leaves and flowers as asexual modes? Why might asexual reproduction be considered more efficient for plants? 3. Review the diagram of an angiosnorm lifo
(a) Basic parts of a fiower Figure 38.3 The Basic Structures in Flowers Are High carpels. (b) The four parts vary greatly among species. Variable. (a) Flowers comprise sepals, petals, stamens, a 38.2 Reproductive Structures Stigma Each major group of plants, from mosses to angiosperms, has a characteristic variation on the theme of alternation of gen- erations, as well as characteristic male and female reproductive structures (see Chapter 28). Here, though, the focus is on the flower, found only in angiosperms. (a) V Carpel{ Style Ovary Receptacle The General Structure of the Flower Structurally, all flowers are variations on a theme. They are made up of four basic organs that are essentially modified leaves: (1) sepals, (2) petals, (3) stamens, and (4) one or more carpels. These organs are attached to a compressed portion of stem called the receptacle (Figure 38.3a). Not all four organs are present in all flowers, however, and as Figure 38.3b shows, the colors, sizes, and shapes of these four components are fabulously diverse. Let's consider each of the four parts, in turn. Sepal (b) Examples of flower diversity Fig inf un bu Stamen Carpel Sepals Form an Outer, Protective Whorl Sepals are leaflike structures that make up the outermost parts of a flower. Sepals are usually green and photosynthetic, and they are relatively thick compared with other parts of the flower. Because they are attached to the receptacle in a circle or whorled arrangement, sepals enclose the flower bud as it devel- ops and grows-protecting young buds from damage by desic- cation, insects, or disease-causing agents. The entire group of sepals in the flower is collectively called the calyx. Sepa Petals Furnish a Visual Advertisement Like sepals, petals are arranged around the receptacle in a whorl. Often brightly col- ored and scented, petals function to advertise the flower to bees, flies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators. In some cases, the color of the petals correlates with the visual abilities of particular animals. Bees, for example, respond strongly to wavelengths in the blue and purple regions of the light spectrum, as well as yellow (they don't see red well). Flowers that attract bees, in turn, often have yellow, blue, or purple pet- als with ultraviolet patches. The ultraviolet regions of petals in “bee flowers" frequently highlight the center of the flower (Figure 38.4). Why? In these flowers, the base of the petals contains a gland called a nectary. The nectary produces the sugar-rich fluid nectar, which many of the animals that visit flowers harvest along with pollen. In the process of collecting pollen or nectar, the visiting animal usu- ally deposits on the female parts pollen from a different plant- Sepal Petal accomplishing pollination. The entire group of petals in a flower is collectively called the corolla. In some species, the petals within the corolla vary in size, shape, and function: • Flattened petals may provide a landing pad for flying insects. Petal • Elongated, tubelike petals frequently have a nectary at their base that can be reached only by animals with a long beak or Sepal· tongue-like proboscis. • Some petals protect the reproductive organs located inside the corolla. and 796 UNIT 6 How Plants Work
Transcribed Image Text:(a) Basic parts of a fiower Figure 38.3 The Basic Structures in Flowers Are High carpels. (b) The four parts vary greatly among species. Variable. (a) Flowers comprise sepals, petals, stamens, a 38.2 Reproductive Structures Stigma Each major group of plants, from mosses to angiosperms, has a characteristic variation on the theme of alternation of gen- erations, as well as characteristic male and female reproductive structures (see Chapter 28). Here, though, the focus is on the flower, found only in angiosperms. (a) V Carpel{ Style Ovary Receptacle The General Structure of the Flower Structurally, all flowers are variations on a theme. They are made up of four basic organs that are essentially modified leaves: (1) sepals, (2) petals, (3) stamens, and (4) one or more carpels. These organs are attached to a compressed portion of stem called the receptacle (Figure 38.3a). Not all four organs are present in all flowers, however, and as Figure 38.3b shows, the colors, sizes, and shapes of these four components are fabulously diverse. Let's consider each of the four parts, in turn. Sepal (b) Examples of flower diversity Fig inf un bu Stamen Carpel Sepals Form an Outer, Protective Whorl Sepals are leaflike structures that make up the outermost parts of a flower. Sepals are usually green and photosynthetic, and they are relatively thick compared with other parts of the flower. Because they are attached to the receptacle in a circle or whorled arrangement, sepals enclose the flower bud as it devel- ops and grows-protecting young buds from damage by desic- cation, insects, or disease-causing agents. The entire group of sepals in the flower is collectively called the calyx. Sepa Petals Furnish a Visual Advertisement Like sepals, petals are arranged around the receptacle in a whorl. Often brightly col- ored and scented, petals function to advertise the flower to bees, flies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators. In some cases, the color of the petals correlates with the visual abilities of particular animals. Bees, for example, respond strongly to wavelengths in the blue and purple regions of the light spectrum, as well as yellow (they don't see red well). Flowers that attract bees, in turn, often have yellow, blue, or purple pet- als with ultraviolet patches. The ultraviolet regions of petals in “bee flowers" frequently highlight the center of the flower (Figure 38.4). Why? In these flowers, the base of the petals contains a gland called a nectary. The nectary produces the sugar-rich fluid nectar, which many of the animals that visit flowers harvest along with pollen. In the process of collecting pollen or nectar, the visiting animal usu- ally deposits on the female parts pollen from a different plant- Sepal Petal accomplishing pollination. The entire group of petals in a flower is collectively called the corolla. In some species, the petals within the corolla vary in size, shape, and function: • Flattened petals may provide a landing pad for flying insects. Petal • Elongated, tubelike petals frequently have a nectary at their base that can be reached only by animals with a long beak or Sepal· tongue-like proboscis. • Some petals protect the reproductive organs located inside the corolla. and 796 UNIT 6 How Plants Work
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