1. Assume that capital markets are perfect: there are no transactions costs or taxes, no bankruptcy costs, individuals can borrow and lend at the same rate as corporations can, and all agents in the economy have the same information. Let us compare two corporations that are identical except that one is all equity financed and the other is equity and part debt financed. Denote the value of the unlevered (all equity) firm by VU and the value of the levered firm by VL. Assume that part • Vu= $20,000 • Interest rate on the firm's debt is .10 • The firms generate identical net revenues of $2000 in good times $500 in bad times • Levered firm has $5,000 of debt A. Compute the cash flows accruing to an investor who borrows on her personal account an amount equal to one percent of the debt of the levered firm and purchases one percent of the unlevered firm. B. Next compute the cash flows of an investor who purchases one percent of the equity of the levered firm.
Cost of Capital
Shareholders and investors who invest into the capital of the firm desire to have a suitable return on their investment funding. The cost of capital reflects what shareholders expect. It is a discount rate for converting expected cash flow into present cash flow.
Capital Structure
Capital structure is the combination of debt and equity employed by an organization in order to take care of its operations. It is an important concept in corporate finance and is expressed in the form of a debt-equity ratio.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is a tool used for calculating the cost of capital for a firm wherein proportional weightage is assigned to each category of capital. It can also be defined as the average amount that a firm needs to pay its stakeholders and for its security to finance the assets. The most commonly used sources of capital include common stocks, bonds, long-term debts, etc. The increase in weighted average cost of capital is an indicator of a decrease in the valuation of a firm and an increase in its risk.
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