1. AES is used to encrypt data transferred over a wireless channel. Unfortunately, on arrival, one of the ciphertext blocks has a 3-bit error (the others all arrive sUccessfully). What will happen when the receiver decrypts the received ciphertext if AES is used in: a) ECB mode? b) CBC mode? c) CTR mode?
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- If a bit error occurs in the transmission of a ciphertext character in 8-bit CFB mode, how far does the error propagate?Computer Science With the CBC/OFB/CFB/CTR mode: (a) if there is a single bit transmission error in block C3 of the ciphertext, which plaintext blocks are affected? CBC and CTR (b) Suppose that there is a bit error in the source version of P1. Through how many ciphertext blocks is this error propagated? What is the effect at the receiver?What is the biggest advantage of CBC mode of operation a. It does not need Initialization Vector (IV) b. A cipher text block depends on all blocks before it c. It does not propagate errors in the cipher text d. It can encrypt in parallel different parts of the messages
- N blocks of plaintext (P1 to PN) are being encrypted in CBC mode into ciphertext blocks (C1 to CN). Assume that two bits of C3 and one bit of C6 are erroneous (their binary values have flipped). Determine what blocks of the plaintext will be affected and how1. Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality: a) Figure 2 shows the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC). There is an error in the transmitted Ciphertext no 1. i) Is there any block further than P1 is affected? ii) Suppose there is a bit error in the source version of P1. Through how many ciphertext blocks is this error propagated? What is the effect on the receiver? iii) Identify which decrypted plaintext blocks Px will be corrupted if there is an error in block C4 of the transmitted ciphertext.When a message is transmitted in secret code over a transmission channel, it is usually transmitted as a sequence of bits (0s and 1s) • Due to noise in the transmission channel, the transmitted message may become corrupted − Message received at destination is not the same as the message transmitted − Some of the bits may have been changed Several techniques to check the validity of the transmitted message at the destination • One technique is to transmit the same message twice − At the destination, both copies of the message are compared bit by bit − If the corresponding bits are the same, the message received is error-free We write a program to check if the message received at the destination is error-free • For simplicity, assume that: − The secret code representing the message is a sequence of digits (0 to 9) − The maximum length of the message is 250 digits • The first number in the message is the length of the message If the secret code is 7 9…
- If you need to deliver a large file across an encrypted channel, your best options are crypt feedback mode or cypher block chaining. How much more effective is one than the other, exactly?Comparing CBC mode to OFB mode, only in OFB mode... A. each block is encrypted separately B. an initialization vector is utilized C. each ciphertext block depends on the previous ciphertext block D. a key stream is utilizedMost IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose that a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually, the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?
- You have an originating plain text message (in hexadecimal): 41 72 61 62 Use your Student ID number to obtain a 10-bit key as follows: Key (in decimal) = 665. You have to manually cipher the first block of the following plain text message (first 8 bits). The encrypting process will be done using Simplified DES (S-DES). you must explain all steps in detailsIs it true that you are familiar with the three DHCP packets required to initiate the protocol's operation?In UDP the datagram contains the source and destination IP address and the source and destination port address. A True B) False