1. A. Define “epidemic”. B. Define “pandemic”. C. Have any pandemics occurred since the 1918 pandemic? If so, name and date them.
1. A. Define “epidemic”.
B. Define “pandemic”.
C. Have any pandemics occurred since the 1918 pandemic? If so, name and date them.
2. A. Why was the flu pandemic of 1918-19 called the “Spanish flu”?
B. Why did some people refer to this flu pandemic as the “swine flu”?
3. Describe how the flu pandemic originated (Where? When? How?).
4. A. Which population group was most at risk for becoming infected?
Choose one: babies/infants OR kids 2-18 OR 20-40 years OR 40 – 60 years OR older than 60 (elderly)
B. Do scientists know why this specific age group was prone to infection and illness? Explain your
answer.
5. There were 3 “waves” of the flu during 1918-1919. Describe what a pandemic “wave” is and what
causes it.
6. What is the most likely means by which the Spanish flu was transmitted from one person to another?
7. Describe the role that World War I play in the spread of the flu virus and efforts to contain it.
8. How did the Spanish flu become a pandemic? Describe 3 ways in which the virus was transported
around the world.
9. Did the Spanish flu kill people quickly (i.e. within a week of appearance of symptoms) or slowly (more
than 1 week after appearance of symptoms)? Explain.
10. Of those infected with the flu, what percentage of the infected became so sick as to require
hospitalization?
11. List 10 signs & symptoms of the Spanish flu experienced by most patients who became infected.
12. During the first wave, Philadelphia was an American city especially hit hard by the pandemic.
Provide 3 reasons why.
13. What role can civic and local government leaders play in reducing the impact of the pandemic in
their local communities?
14. During the 1918-19 pandemic, how was the mental state of the American population affected?
15. During the second wave, the city of San Francisco was relatively successful in reducing the impact of
the flu pandemic on their community. Explain how.
16. How did the flu pandemic affect commerce worldwide (trade, agriculture, availability of & shopping
for food & household goods, etc.)?
17. How many people in the U.S. died from the Spanish flu?
18. What % of the world population died from the Spanish flu?
19. Note that a common symptom of the Spanish flu infection in 1918-19 was breathing problems (i.e.
ventilation). Breathing problems result in a drop in blood oxygen levels and an increase in blood carbon
dioxide levels.
A. Explain the manner of death (HOW most people died) from the 1918-19 influenza -be specific.
B. Name 3 organ systems severely affected by the 1918-19 influenza virus and describe how their
structures & functions were impaired.
20. Compare & contrast: Flu of 1918-19 pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic
A. Describe 3 ways in which the Flu of 1918-19 and the current COVID pandemic are SIMILAR.
B. Describe 3 ways in which the Flu of 1918-19 and the current COVID pandemic are DIFFERENT.
20. Learning from the past:
A. Describe 5 new facts that you learned about pandemics by watching this video.
B. How can lessons learned from watching this video about the Flu pandemic of 1918-19 be applied
now to understanding the current COVID pandemic? Discuss lessons learned from the Flu of 1918-19 to
help us now reduce the rate of spread of the COVID the virus AND reduce the risk of severe physical
damage and death? Briefly describe 5 lessons learned.
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