**Problem Statement:**A vertical cylinder fitted with a piston contains 5 kg of R134a at 12°C. Heat is transferred at constant pressure, causing the piston to rise until it hits a set of stops, at which point the volume is doubled. Additional heat is then added at constant volume to raise the temperature to 70°C and pressure to 1.4 MPa. **Tasks:**1. Sketch the process on P-v (Pressure vs. Volume) and T-v (Temperature vs. Volume) diagrams.2. Calculate the heat transfer and work done for both processes, ignoring kinetic and potential effects.**Explanation:**- **Initial State**: - Substance: R134a - Mass: 5 kg - Initial Temperature: 12°C- **Process Description**: 1. The piston moves until the volume is doubled at constant pressure. 2. After reaching the stops, heat is added, increasing temperature and pressure.- **Diagrams**: - **P-v Diagram**: - Show two processes: 1. Isobaric expansion (constant pressure) until volume is doubled. 2. Isochoric heating (constant volume) until final conditions are met (70°C and 1.4 MPa). - **T-v Diagram**: - Plot the temperature change against volume. - Illustrate the isochoric and isobaric processes distinctly.**Calculations Required**:1. **Heat Transfer**: Identify energy changes during both processes.2. **Work Done**: Calculate the work during isobaric expansion. (No work is done in the isochoric process since volume remains constant).

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1. A vertical cylinder fitted with a piston contains 5 (kg) of R134a at 12°C. Heat is transferred at constant pressure causing the piston to rise until it hits a set of stops at which point the volume is doubled. Additional heat is added at constant volume to raise the temperature to 70°C and pressure to 1.4 MPa. Sketch the process on Pv and Tv diagrams. Find the heat transfer and work done for both processes. Ignore kinetic and potential effects.

1. A vertical cylinder fitted with a piston contains 5 (kg) of R134a at 12°C. Heat is transferred at constant pressure causing the piston to rise until it hits a set of stops at which point the volume is doubled. Additional heat is added at constant volume to raise the temperature to 70°C and pressure to 1.4 MPa. Sketch the process on Pv and Tv diagrams. Find the heat transfer and work done for both processes. Ignore kinetic and potential effects.

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Concept explainers

Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.

Question

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**Problem Statement:**

A vertical cylinder fitted with a piston contains 5 kg of R134a at 12°C. Heat is transferred at constant pressure, causing the piston to rise until it hits a set of stops, at which point the volume is doubled. Additional heat is then added at constant volume to raise the temperature to 70°C and pressure to 1.4 MPa.

**Tasks:**

1. Sketch the process on P-v (Pressure vs. Volume) and T-v (Temperature vs. Volume) diagrams.
2. Calculate the heat transfer and work done for both processes, ignoring kinetic and potential effects.

**Explanation:**

- **Initial State**:
- Substance: R134a
- Mass: 5 kg
- Initial Temperature: 12°C

- **Process Description**:
1. The piston moves until the volume is doubled at constant pressure.
2. After reaching the stops, heat is added, increasing temperature and pressure.

- **Diagrams**:
- **P-v Diagram**:
- Show two processes:
1. Isobaric expansion (constant pressure) until volume is doubled.
2. Isochoric heating (constant volume) until final conditions are met (70°C and 1.4 MPa).

- **T-v Diagram**:
- Plot the temperature change against volume.
- Illustrate the isochoric and isobaric processes distinctly.

**Calculations Required**:

1. **Heat Transfer**: Identify energy changes during both processes.
2. **Work Done**: Calculate the work during isobaric expansion. (No work is done in the isochoric process since volume remains constant).

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