1. A gas within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes: Process 1-2: Compression with PV = constant, from P₁ = 1 bar, V₁ = 2 m³ to V₂ = 0.2 m³, U₂ - U₁ = 100 kJ; Process 2-3: Constant volume to P3 = P₁; Process 3-1: Constant-pressure and adiabatic process. Neglect the changes of kinetic and potential energy in all three processes. (a) Sketch the cycle on a P-V diagram; (b) Determine the net work (i.e., W₁2+ W23+ W31) of the cycle, in kJ; (c) Determine the heat transfer for process 2-3, in kJ. Hint: System's state variables remain unchanged after a cycle, i.e. (U₂− U₁) + (U3-U₂) + (U₁-U3) = 0

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.