Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Question 1: Intermolecular Forces in Molecules**
*What intermolecular forces can be found in the following molecules? Explain your reasoning.*
**Molecule 1 (left): Methane (CH₄)**
- **Structure:** A central carbon atom with four hydrogen atoms attached, forming a tetrahedral shape.
- **Intermolecular Forces:** London dispersion forces. Methane is nonpolar, as the symmetrical distribution of hydrogen atoms cancels out any potential dipoles.
**Molecule 2 (center): Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)**
- **Structure:** Contains a six-membered ring with oxygen and hydroxyl (OH) groups attached.
- **Intermolecular Forces:** Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions. The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups allows for extensive hydrogen bonding with other glucose molecules.
**Molecule 3 (right): Acetone (C₃H₆O)**
- **Structure:** A central carbonyl group (C=O) with methyl groups attached on either side.
- **Intermolecular Forces:** Dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces. The polar carbonyl group allows for dipole-dipole interactions between acetone molecules, while the nonpolar methyl groups contribute to London dispersion forces.
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