1: Suppose the investigators are reluctant to assume that the change in LVM over four years is normally distributed. What test can be used to assess if there is a change in mean LVM over four years? 2 : What are the hypotheses being tested with this test? 3 :Despite the n = 10, assume that the large sample method of significance testing is valid for these data and perform the test by hand. Make a conclusion based on 5% significance level using p-value. Show details of work.
Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. A study is proposed to assess the relationship between childhood blood-pressure levels and LVM in children as determined from echocardiograms. The goal is to stratify children into a normal bp group (< 90th percentile for their age, gender, and height) and an elevated bp group (≥ 90th percentile for their age, gender, and height) and compare change in LVM between the two groups. Before this can be done, one needs to demonstrate that LVM actually changes in children over a 4-year period.
To help plan the main study, a pilot study is conducted where echocardiograms are obtained from 10 random children from the Bogalusa Heart Study at baseline and after 4 years of follow-up. The data are given in Table 1 .
Table 1 Pilot data on left ventricular mass (LVM) in children from the Bogalusa Heart Study
| ID | Baseline LVM (g) | 4- year LVM (g) | Change (g)* |
| 1 | 139 | 163 | 24 |
| 2 | 134 | 126 | -8 |
| 3 | 86 | 142 | 56 |
| 4 | 98 | 96 | -2 |
| 5 | 78 | 111 | 33 |
| 6 | 90 | 108 | 18 |
| 7 | 102 | 167 | 65 |
| 8 | 73 | 82 | 9 |
| 9 | 93 | 77 | -16 |
| 10 | 162 | 172 | 10 |
1: Suppose the investigators are reluctant to assume that the change in LVM over four years is
2 : What are the hypotheses being tested with this test?
3 :Despite the n = 10, assume that the large sample method of significance testing is valid for these data and perform the test by hand. Make a conclusion based on 5% significance level using p-value. Show details of work.
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