(1 point) Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl.Consider the LFSR represented by the polynomial x 4 + x³ + x² + x + 1.What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 torepresent p5 0, P4 = 1, P3 = 0, p2 = 1, p₁ = 0, po = 1).==

The tap bits of the LFSR can be determined by analyzing the given polynomial, x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1.…

Answered: (1 point) Note: The notation from this…

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter8: Data And Network Communication Technology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 41VE

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p T Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. Suppose you have an LFSR with 6 state bits. The first 12 bits of output produced by this LFSR are 100011011000 = s0 $1 $2 S3 S4 S5 S6 87 Sg S9 S10 S11 - The first bit produced is the leftmost bit and the bit most recently produced is the rightmost bit. a) What is the initial state of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent S5 = 0, s4 = 1, 83 = 0, s2 = 1, s1 = 0, so = 1). %3D b) What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent P5 = 0, p4 = 1, pP3 = 0, p2 = 1, p1 = 0, po = 1).
] You receive a message that was encrypted using the RSA system with public key (43, 143), where 43 is the public exponent. A message encrypted using this cryptosystem was captured by an enemy and consisted of the following numbers: 6 82 132 115. Can you decipher what was the original message? (Hint: As a first step, you need to find p and q.)
You are given the following parameters in RSA cryptosystem: p = 11, q = 13, e = 13 a) Find the integer d. b) List down the public key and private key. You need to encrypt the plaintext message, M = OF. c) Convert this message to value according to ASCII table. To encrypt this message, you can either combine the value, or separate it into the blocks of 2 digits (Hint: it must satisfy the condition M < n). d) Encrypt and decrypt the message OF. e) If the decimal value (not character) of ciphertext is 188267, decrypt this value and convert it to an appropriate message according to the ASCII table.
6. In a Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem, a particular user uses two prime numbers P and Q to generate the public key and the private key. If P is 23 and Q is 29, using RSA algorithm, find the following: a) n b) Ø(n) c) e d) d
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3. Suppose the key k to DES is k = (0E329232E A6D0D73)hez. Find kį and k2. Also, given m = (0000000000000000)her, find Lo, Ro, L1, R1.
E x e r c i s e • 1 : Apply frequency test to verify the randomness of the output of the following text: 1. The following plaintext: In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext (typically characters or groups of characters) according to a regular system to produce a ciphertext which is a permutation of the plaintext. They differ from substitution ciphers, which do not change the position of units of plaintext but instead change the units themselves. Despite the difference between transposition and substitution operations, they are often combined, as in historical ciphers like the ADFGVX cipher or complex high-quality encryption methods like the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). laintexts can be rearranged into a ciphertext using a key, scrambling the order of…
Let M be the plaintext message M = MALAYSIA and the private key, K || ISSOGOOD a) Represent your plaintext binary number as a form of a block, using the DES encryption technique (2 equal blocks). b) Using the initial permutation (table is provided below), please provide your plaintext output. Initial Permutation Initial Permutation 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 02 60 52 44 36 28 20 12 04 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 06 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 08 57 49 41 33 25 17 09 01 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 03 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 05 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 07
In this problem, you will design a circuit that encrypts (plaintext to cipher) and decrypts (cipher to plaintext) ASCII characters. The relationship between the plaintext character and cipher character is shown in the table below: plaintext character cipher character 1-? A-O P-Z space t-~ 0 In this table, the "0" and "1" refer to the characters "0" and "1", not the numerical values. Additionally, the circuit only needs to account for character listed in the table. The circuit has nine bits of input: • d = d7... do: an eight-bit number that is the binary representation of the input ASCII character • e: a single bit indicating if the circuit should encrypt (e = 1) or decrypt (e = 0) the given character The circuit has eight bits of output: • r = r7...ro: an eight-bit number that is the binary representation of the output ASCII character Draw the implementation of the circuit. The circuit does not have to be transistor-minimal; you are encouraged to use various combinational circuitry to…
9. Cryptology is the science of making and breaking codes. This lab explores how the idea or functions and their inverses can be used to encode and decode messages. To encode and decode a message, first replace each letter of the alphabet with a positive integer using the following scheme, thus rewriting the original message as numbers instead of words: P- 16 Q- 17 R- 18 S- 19 T-20 Z-26 Blank - 27 A – 1 В - 2 С -3 D- 4 E- 5 F- 6 G- 7 H-8 |- 9 J- 10 K- 11 L-12 М -13 N- 14 O- 15 U- 21 V- 22 W-23 X-24 Y-25 ENCODING: A one-to-one function can be used to encode a numerical message. For example, suppose you want to send the message MATH to a friend, and you have decided that the function f(x) = 3x + 4 will be the encoding function, This function simply describes the procedure used to create the encoded message – in this case multiply by 3 and add 4. First change the letters to corresponding numbers as shown above: 13 1 20 8. Then use these as the input values in f(x). Tuoy Jud noltonut…
] In the following problems, check suitable rule (Sum, Subtraction or Product) and compute the total number of possible ways in the entire procedure: The password for a computer account can be 6, 7 or 8 characters in length; the characters can be letters or digits. What is the number of ways a password can be formed? How many bit strings of length sixteen start with a 11 or end with 00?
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