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#1 As applied to Chemical process plant design and economic evaluation, briefly expiain the following (i) The design objective (ii) Flow-sheets (iii) Specification sheets (iv) Recycle (v) Safety factors (vi) Optimization (vii) Bypass

#1 As applied to Chemical process plant design and economic evaluation, briefly expiain the following (i) The design objective (ii) Flow-sheets (iii) Specification sheets (iv) Recycle (v) Safety factors (vi) Optimization (vii) Bypass

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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constructed as an additional facility to an existing plant. The working capital will be 15% of the total The purchased cost of major equipment for a solid processing plant is $2,000,000. The plant is to be # 1 As applied to Chemical process plant design and economic evaluation, briefiy explain the following: (i) The design objective (ii) Flow-sheets (iii) Specification sheets (iv) Recycle (v) Safety factors (vi) Optimization (vil) Bypass #2 A lean oil is to be used as the absorbing medium for removing a component of a gas. As part of the design for the absorption unit, It is necessary to estimate the size of the pump (in terms of capacity head factor) and the cost to deliver the oil to the top of the absorber. The oil must be pumped from a closed tank with a liquid level of 2m above the floor and forced through a 50 m pipe length of 0.05m internal diameter. There are three 90° elbows in the line (each with equivalent length of 2.5m) and the top of the absorber is 15m above the floor level. The operating pressure in the absorber is 50OKN/m while that of the tank is 150 KN/m*. The oil requirement is to be 0.50m/min, viscosity is 1.5 N.s/m, and the density is 800 Kg/m (1) Sketch the process (I) Determine the pump head (i) Estimate the cost of the pump given that a similar pump with capacity- head factor of 20 m/min-m costs $25,000 # 3 A shell and tube heat exchanger with öne shell pass and two tube passes is to be designed to meet the following operating conditions and specifications: • 1000 Kg/hr of air is cooled from 60°C to 30°C, and the specific heat of air is 1.2 J/kg/"C Water is used as the cooling medium, and it enters the shell side of the unit at 30°C and leaves at 50°C The overall heat capacity of the exchanger is 200 W/m?.°C A similar exchanger with heat transfer area of 5m? costs $20,000 (1) Sketch the heat exchanger (11) Determine the area and the purchased cost of the shell and tube heat exchargen #4
Transcribed Image Text:constructed as an additional facility to an existing plant. The working capital will be 15% of the total The purchased cost of major equipment for a solid processing plant is $2,000,000. The plant is to be # 1 As applied to Chemical process plant design and economic evaluation, briefiy explain the following: (i) The design objective (ii) Flow-sheets (iii) Specification sheets (iv) Recycle (v) Safety factors (vi) Optimization (vil) Bypass #2 A lean oil is to be used as the absorbing medium for removing a component of a gas. As part of the design for the absorption unit, It is necessary to estimate the size of the pump (in terms of capacity head factor) and the cost to deliver the oil to the top of the absorber. The oil must be pumped from a closed tank with a liquid level of 2m above the floor and forced through a 50 m pipe length of 0.05m internal diameter. There are three 90° elbows in the line (each with equivalent length of 2.5m) and the top of the absorber is 15m above the floor level. The operating pressure in the absorber is 50OKN/m while that of the tank is 150 KN/m*. The oil requirement is to be 0.50m/min, viscosity is 1.5 N.s/m, and the density is 800 Kg/m (1) Sketch the process (I) Determine the pump head (i) Estimate the cost of the pump given that a similar pump with capacity- head factor of 20 m/min-m costs $25,000 # 3 A shell and tube heat exchanger with öne shell pass and two tube passes is to be designed to meet the following operating conditions and specifications: • 1000 Kg/hr of air is cooled from 60°C to 30°C, and the specific heat of air is 1.2 J/kg/"C Water is used as the cooling medium, and it enters the shell side of the unit at 30°C and leaves at 50°C The overall heat capacity of the exchanger is 200 W/m?.°C A similar exchanger with heat transfer area of 5m? costs $20,000 (1) Sketch the heat exchanger (11) Determine the area and the purchased cost of the shell and tube heat exchargen #4
direct cost and all other costs are close to the average values found for typical chemical plants. On the basis of this information, estimate the following: (i) The total direct cost of the plant (ii)The total fixed capital investment (ii) The total Investment cost of the plant # 5 Explain the following criteria used in economic evaluation of chemical plants -: (i) Discounted Cash-Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) (ii) Payback time (iii) Breakeven point (iv) Sensitivity analysis # 6 A rough rule of thumb for the chemical industry id that 1$ of annual sales requires 1% of fixed capital investment. In a chemical processing plant where this rule applies, the total capital investment is $3,000,000 and the working capital is 15% of the total caital investment. The annual total amounts to $1,500,000. If the income tax rates on gross earnings total 40%, determine the following: (1) Percent of total capital investment returned annually as gross earnings (ii)Percent of total capital investment returned annuallu as net profit. cost Table Typical factors for estiniation of project fixed capital cost Process type Item Fluids Fluids- Solids solids 1. Major equipment, total purchase PCE PCE PCE 0.45 cost fi Equipment eroction f1 Piping fi Instrumentation Sa Electrical fs Buildings. process S6 Utilities 7 Storages *fs Site development fo Ancillary buildings 2. Total physical plant cost (PPC) PPC = PCE (1 +fi+ +f 04 0.70 0.50 0.45 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.50 0.15 0.10 0.45 0.20 0.05 0.25 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.15 = PCE x 3 40 3.15 2.80 f 10 Design and Engineering f11 Contractor's fee f12 Contingency Fixed capital = PPC (1+1o+ f11+ 12) 0.25 0,05 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.30 0.05 0.10 = PPC x 1.45 1.40 1.35
Transcribed Image Text:direct cost and all other costs are close to the average values found for typical chemical plants. On the basis of this information, estimate the following: (i) The total direct cost of the plant (ii)The total fixed capital investment (ii) The total Investment cost of the plant # 5 Explain the following criteria used in economic evaluation of chemical plants -: (i) Discounted Cash-Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) (ii) Payback time (iii) Breakeven point (iv) Sensitivity analysis # 6 A rough rule of thumb for the chemical industry id that 1$ of annual sales requires 1% of fixed capital investment. In a chemical processing plant where this rule applies, the total capital investment is $3,000,000 and the working capital is 15% of the total caital investment. The annual total amounts to $1,500,000. If the income tax rates on gross earnings total 40%, determine the following: (1) Percent of total capital investment returned annually as gross earnings (ii)Percent of total capital investment returned annuallu as net profit. cost Table Typical factors for estiniation of project fixed capital cost Process type Item Fluids Fluids- Solids solids 1. Major equipment, total purchase PCE PCE PCE 0.45 cost fi Equipment eroction f1 Piping fi Instrumentation Sa Electrical fs Buildings. process S6 Utilities 7 Storages *fs Site development fo Ancillary buildings 2. Total physical plant cost (PPC) PPC = PCE (1 +fi+ +f 04 0.70 0.50 0.45 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.50 0.15 0.10 0.45 0.20 0.05 0.25 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.15 = PCE x 3 40 3.15 2.80 f 10 Design and Engineering f11 Contractor's fee f12 Contingency Fixed capital = PPC (1+1o+ f11+ 12) 0.25 0,05 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.30 0.05 0.10 = PPC x 1.45 1.40 1.35
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