(1) A thermodynamic cycle is a process, in which the system starts from initial state, goes through other state(s) and comes back to the initial state. For the work W done to the system and the heat Q received by the system, prove that W = -Q.
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- An 8.0 g ice cube at -10˚C is put into a Thermos flask containing 110 cm3 of water at 15˚C. By how much has the entropy of the cube-water system changed when a final equilibrium state is reached? The specific heat of ice is 2200 J/kg K and that of liquid water is 4187 J/kg K. The heat of fusion of water is 333 × 103 J/kg.(1) A thermodynamic cycle is a process, in which the system starts from initial state, goes through another state and comes back to the initial state. For the work done to the system W and heat received by the system Q, prove that W = - = -Q.One of the statements of the second law is that “heat cannot flow from a colder body to awarmer one without external aid”. Assume two systems, 1 and 2, at T1 and T2 (whereT2 > T1 ). Show that if a quantity of heat q did flow spontaneously from 1 to 2, the processwould result in a decrease in the entropy of the universe. [You may assume that the heat flowsso slowly that the process can be regarded as reversible. Assume also that the loss of heat bythe system 1 and the gain of heat by 2 do not affect T1 and T2 .]
- The Sun radiates energy at the rate of 3.80 ✕ 1026 W from its 5500°C surface into dark empty space (a negligible fraction radiates onto Earth and the other planets). The effective temperature of deep space is −270°C. (Due to the sensitive nature of the calculations, use T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15. ) (a) What is the increase in entropy (in J/K) in one day due to this heat transfer?One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is initially at 273 K and 1 atm. (a) What is its initial internal energy? (b) Find its final internal energy and the work done by the gas when 500 J of heat are added at constant pressure. (c) Find the same quantities when 500 J of heat are added at constant volume.A rigid box contains 0.9 mol of an ideal monoatomic gas. Heat is added to the gas and its temperature changes from 183 K to 295 K. If this is a reversible process, what is the change in entropy of the gas in J/K?