Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Boyle’s Law Problems
1atm = 101.325kPa = 14.7psi = 760mmHg = 160 torr = 29.92 in Hg
1) A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 2.8L at a pressure of 1.8 atm. What
will the volume be if the pressure is decreased by 1.2atm? 8.4L
2) A container holds 500. mL of CO 2 at 20.0° C and 742 torr. What will be the
volume of the CO 2 if the pressure is increased to 795 torr? 467mL CO 2
3) A gas tank holds 2785 L of propane, C 3 H 8 , at 830. mm Hg. What is the
volume of the propane at standard pressure? 3040L C 3 H 8
4) A balloon contains 7.2 L of He. The pressure is reduced to 2.00 atm. and the
balloon expands to occupy a volume of 25.1 L. What was the initial pressure
exerted on the balloon? 7.0atm
5) A chemist collects 59.0mL of SO 2 gas on a day when the atmospheric pressure is
751.64mm Hg. The next day the pressure is 734.92mm Hg what will the volume
of the SO 2 be on the second day?
6) A sample of argon gas occupies a volume of 461 mL at STP. What will be the
volume of the argon when the pressure is reduced to 93.3 kPa? 501mL
7) 352 mL of chlorine under a pressure of 680. mm Hg are placed in a container
under a pressure of 1210 mm Hg. The temperature remains constant at 296 K.
What is the volume of the container in liters? 198L Cl 2
8) 2.2L of H 2 at a pressure of 9.5atm is used to fill a balloon to a volume of 48.5L
What is the final volume of the container in kPa?
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