(0-1) Activated carbon, also called activated carbon, is obtained by carbonization of organic matter, e.g.: wood, coal, peat. This process involves heating the organic substance in the absence of air, resulting in the enrichment of the substance in carbon (carbon content increases).Activated carbon is a porous material whose particles have a very large surface area. This makes it able to bind other substances on its surface. It is an example of adsorption, a phenomenon which is used to purify water and air mainly from organic compounds. Complete the sentences by underlining the correct phrases given in brackets so that true sentences are formed. The process of carbonization of organic substances is carried out under (aerobic / anaerobic) conditions. It leads to (decomposition / oxidation) of organic compounds. The adsorption phenomenon takes place (on / inside) the activated carbon. Activated carbon is used as a filter for water treatment, because the toxic substances in the water are (oxidized/decomposed/adsorbed) on the surface. Activated carbon is also used as a medicine for stomach poisoning, because it (releases healing / absorbs harmful) substances.
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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