.A raft foundation 60 X 40 m carrying a net pressure of 145 kN/m^2 is located at a depth of 4.5 m below the surface in a deposit of dense sandy gravel 22 m deep: the water table is at a depth of 7 m. Below the sandy gravel is a layer of clay 5 m thick which, in turn, is underlain by dense sand. The value of mv for the clay is 0.22 m^2/ MN. Determine the settlement below the centre of the raft, the corner of the raft and the centre of each edge of the raft, due to consolidation of the clay.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.