. It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. In eachof the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase, decrease,or remain unchanged?(a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction ofnitrite (NO,-) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.)(b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cyde but also extensiveactive transport(c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cyde and the C, pathway

Introduction: The way toward using light energy from photosynthesis to change ADP over to ATP is…

Answered: . It is believed that the ratio of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Comparing photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport one notices key similarities as well as key differences. In which of the following ways is the two electron transport chains similar? 1. In both, electrons flow from a more negative to a more positive redox potential. 2. They both contain supermolecular complexes that hold redox-active cofactors. 3. They both can be uncoupled from ATP generation by the addition of chemical uncouplers. 4. The final product of both electron transport chains is an energy rich metabolite. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.
In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.
The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a differs from the actionspectrum of photosynthesis. Explain this observation.
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? NADH and NADPH provide important reducing and bond building capabilities. NADPH production occurs in ["pentose phosphate pathway", "glycolysis"] and ["photosynthesis", "fatty acid breakdown"] and provides important biosynthetic capabilities, including ["reduction steps of the Calvin cycle", "steps in gluconeogenesis"]. NADPH also serves an important role in red blood cells, reducing ["glutathione dimers to monomers", "flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)"] so that is can eliminate reactive molecules, such as ["hydrogen peroxide", "H+, hydrogen ion"] from damaging cellular components.
The high energy molecules that provide the energy to run the reactions of the Calvin cycle are ______________ and ________________. During the first step in the Calvin cycle, a molecule of carbon dioxide gas binds to a 5-carbon molecule called Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP). This step of the Calvin cycle is called: ___________________________. After three carbon dioxide molecules have been fixed to three RuBP and the Calvin cycle completes one turn, the organic molecule that is produced is _______________________. Once two of the molecules from the previous blank have been produced, they can combine to make a single six-carbon __________________________ molecule.
The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6O2. Explain the role of each of the products (left side of the arrow) and explain where the products (right side of the arrow) came from.
1. A) For the schematic of a chloroplast shown in the image attached, match the major input and output molecules of photosynthesis to the letters shown. Molecules: CO2, H2O, O2, sugar A: B: C: D: B) In the image attached, the light reactions are shown to take place in the thylakoid. Where specifically do these reactions take place? C) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria. Suggest a reason why. Hint: Ions can move across the thylakoid membrane moreeasily than across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The following image is a schematic of the metabolic processes occurring in a plant contained in a closed container. A=Light Dependent reactions B=Glycolysis C=Light Independent Reactions D=Kreb's cycle E=electron transport chain 2a) Use the figure above to explain the conditions in which the oxygen concentration remains constant in the container. b) 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate (CABP) is an inhibitor of the enzyme rubisco. Which pathway would this affect most?
. It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to non- cyclic photophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. In each of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? (a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction of nitrite (NO, ) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.) (b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensive active transport (c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C, pathway
(c) Compare the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by redrawing (if necessary) and completing the table given below: Table 1: Comparison of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Organelle Source of electrons Final electron acceptor Source of energy Role of ATP

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