Epidemiologic Measures

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University of Central Florida *

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2000

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Statistics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Epidemiologic Measures In class group assignment: post your group answers via 1. The Assignment tool and 2. The Discussion tool Team name: _____The Gator Gals_________________________________________________________ Members in attendance: Aubrey Graydon, Luana Sondgerath, Michelle Busot, Sarah Bartleman _____________________________________________________________________________________ Member’s absence: ____________________________________________________________________ 1. What is the main advantages of using each of the following types of data presentation: bar chart, line graph, pie chart? Bar chart: Displays the frequency of cases for a categorical variable Line graph: Displays trends in data Pie chart: Displays proportions of cases 2. Distinguish between period prevalence and incidence. Period Prevalence: All cases of disease during a particular time period Incidence: New cases occurring during a period of time 3. Define a. Pandemic An epidemic occurring on a worldwide/global scale, impacting a large number of people across international borders b. Endemic An epidemic of a disease that is always present in a community or region c. Epidemiology The study of health problems and health related events, focusing on distribution/determinants

4. An epidemiologist presented information regarding the annual prevalence (number of cases per 1,000) of adolescent pregnancy to a local health planning board. The epidemiologist compared data for the local county with data for the United States as a whole. One of the members of the planning board objected that this comparison was not valid because the county is much smaller than the entire country. Do you agree with the objection? Explain why or why not. I agree with the objection in that the small county and its factors that influenced prevalence of pregnancy should not be compared to the data for the United States as a whole. I can see how the comparison could be justified based on what they are attempting to display regarding pregnancy prevalence. However, it is probably most beneficial to compare the data from this small county to that of another small, local community that would have similar characteristics. The United States in comparison is much larger and represents data from varied communities across the country. 5. Property title this graph on Melanoma of the Skin using all three required components. Age Adjusted Incidence and Death Rate of Melanoma of the Skin in the United States between 1992 and 2019

6. Of the disease measures provided, choose the measure that best describes the following scenarios. Case Fatality Rate, Age specific rate, Attack Rate, Period Prevalence, Incidence, Life time prevalence a. The percentage of University of Florida students who regularly vape while in college (all students are followed an average of 2 years). _Period Prevalence_____________ b. The percentage of people who ate at the All You Can Eat Buffet on Aug 25th and became ill within a 24-hour period after eating. ___Attack Rate_____________ c. The number of new Hepatitis C cases diagnosed among injection drug users in one year. ___Incidence____________ d. The number of people with bladder cancer who died within 5 years of their diagnosis. _____Case Fatality Rate__________________ 7. A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to determine whether a new blood pressure-lowering agent was useful in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 14,652 potential participants for the trial. At the initial clinical exam, 402 were discovered to have CHD. The remaining subjects entered the trial and were divided equally into the treatment and placebo groups. Of those in the treatment group, 505 developed CHD after 5 years of follow-up while 477 developed CHD during the same period in the placebo group. What was the prevalence per 1,000 people of CHD at the initial exam? (Round your answer to the nearest one decimal place). Show your work. 402/14,652 x 1,000 = 27.4

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8. Find the Case Fatality Rate (CFR)* for Campylobacter (a foodborne illness that causes GI issues) for 20-64 yr and >65 yrs. Comparing the number of cases and the CFR, who is infected more often and who dies more frequently? * (aka Case Fatality Ratio) 20 – 64 yrs 5/3,918 x 100 = 0.128 >65 yrs 5/996 x 100 = 0.502 Those who are between the ages of 20 – 64 are infected more often and those ages 65 or older die more frequently.

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