Week_3_Lab_Statistics_Final_JessicaHalpern

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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MATHN225

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Week 3 Lab Assignment Name: Jessica Halpern Instructor Name: Carol Bogacz Please use this template to help answer the questions listed in the lab instructions. The “parts” below refer to the parts listed in the lab instructions. Type your answers and post your screenshots in the spaces given below. Then, save this document with your name and submit it inside the course room. Part 1. Read the assigned article. Please reach out to your instructor if you did not receive the assigned article for the term by Monday of Week 3. Title: Review of Communicating population health statistics through graphs: a randomised controlled trial of graph design interventions Author(s): David J Muscatello, Andrew Searles, Robin Macdonald and Louisa Jorm Summarize the assigned article in one paragraph. Make sure to quote and interpret at least one statistic. : Australian epidemiologists have noticed that regular people struggle to understand graphs about health in reports. So, they conducted a double blind study to find ways to make these graphs easier to understand for non-experts. They did a trial where some people received regular graphs, and others got the same graphs but with changes to make them easier to understand. They asked participants questions about the graphs to see if the changes helped. The study found that certain changes, like turning pie charts into bar graphs or adding explanations for confusing terms, made a big difference in understanding. However, many participants still had trouble with technical terms like standardization and confidence intervals. The study suggests that more creative solutions are needed to make health information easier for everyone to grasp. For example, switching from a pie chart to a bar graph significantly improved comprehension, especially regarding accurately reading the magnitude of a single category (with a prevalence ratio of 3.6; 95% confidence interval of 2.8–4.6) as shown in Figure 12. This alteration elevated the comprehension rate from being low to very high. 1

Part 2. Choose ONE Graph, Table or Chart from the article. Post a screenshot of ONE graph, chart or table from the assigned article (The article may have more than one chart/table/graph but you only choose one to analyze in this lab): Part 3. Analyze the article. 2

Analysis (Answer the following questions thoroughly in complete sentences, referencing the graph, chart or table you selected from the article.) A. What type of data does the graph, chart or table from your screenshot above display (Quantitative or Qualitative data)? Explain how you came to that conclusion. This chart displays qualitative data. I came to this conclusion due to to information that can be expressed in categories. It provides descriptive information about attributes, behaviors, opinions, or experiences. For example, in this chart it is cause of injury or poisoning. B. What type of graph, table or chart did you choose from your screenshot above display (bar graph, histogram, stem & leaf plot, etc.)? What characteristics make it this type (you should bring in material that you learned in the course)? Bar graphs use rectangular bars to represent the data. Each bar typically extends horizontally or vertically from a baseline, with the length or height of the bar proportional to the value it represents. They usually display categorical or discrete data, where each bar represents a distinct category. The categories are typically displayed along the x-axis but occasionally along the y- axis which is shown above. Each bar represents a distinct category and groups. Bar graphs include labels for both the x-axis and y-axis to indicate the categories or groups being represented and the scale of the data. These labels help viewers interpret the graph accurately. C. Describe the data displayed in your graph, table or chart from your screenshot above. What is the graph displaying in context of the article? 3

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The chart differentiates males and females whom identified as indigenous. The graph categorized different types of injuries and the amount of males and females who experienced that injury or poisonings. D. Draw a conclusion about the data from the graph, table or chart from your screenshot above in context of the article. Make an inference based on the data displayed. Indigenous females experienced the highest level of assaults surpassing their counterparts significantly and was the highest percentage of hospital separations overall. E. Pick two alternate graphs/charts/tables that could be used to display the same data as your selected chart/graph/table from your screenshot above. List the pros and cons of these alternative graphs. Alternative Graph/Chart/Table #1: ________________pie chart__________ Pros: They are easy to understand and intuitive due to being highly visual, making them accessible to a wide audience, including those who may not be familiar with complex data visualization techniques. For examples, indigenous females who experienced assault would be the biggest slice of the pie overall. Pie charts are ideal for displaying percentages or proportions, as the entire circle represents 100%. This makes it easy to compare the relative contributions of different categories to the whole. Since this chart directly deals with percentages it iwould be a great choice. Cons: While, assault for females would be the biggest slice. The other data might be hard to decipher. Pie charts are not ideal for comparing the precise sizes of different categories, especially when there are many categories or when the differences between proportions are subtle. It can be challenging to 4

accurately judge the relative sizes of the slices, particularly if they are close in size. Alternative Graph/Chart/Table #2: ___stacked bar chart________________ Pros: Stacked bar charts efficiently compare total values and illustrate part-to-whole relationships within different categories or groups. They facilitate trend analysis over time or across categories and enable clear comparisons between groups, making them effective for visualizing complex data and communicating insights concisely. For example, I would separate males and females to show the differential in percentages. Cons: Stacked bar charts can present challenges such as difficulty in precise comparison, complexity with many categories, limitations with potential misrepresentation of trends, lack of granularity, and limited scalability for large datasets. This would be a huge limitation given the database is pretty large. F. Explain how the graphs/charts/tables that you selected above (Part E) would be structured to display the data in the article. Alternative Graph/Chart/Table #1: ______pie chart________________ Explain how the Graph/Chart/Table #1 would be constructed to display the same data as the selected Graph/Chart/Table from the article. For the pie chart, I would have to separate it into two charts Male and female. I would separate each category per slice. I would then make sure the pie chart was proportional to percentages and ensure both pie charts were equal to 100%. 5

Alternative Graph/Chart/Table #2: _____stacked bar chart_________________ Explain how the Graph/Chart/Table #2 would be constructed to display the same data as the selected Graph/Chart/Table from the article. I would have the X axis show each category of cause of injury/ poisoning. The Y axs would show percentages. I would mainly use this plot to compare males and female data points to show outliers and major differences between the genders. G. Give the full APA reference of the article you are using for this lab. Muscatello, D.J., Searles, A., Macdonald, R. et al. Communicating population health statistics through graphs: a randomised controlled trial of graph design interventions. BMC Med 4 , 33 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-4-33 6

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