Chapter 5-1 Exercise & Discussion

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Ali Bashir INFOST 340-201 Chapter 5-1 Exercise & Discussion 1) Identify instances of blackhole and miracle in the diagram by examining the inputs and outputs associated with each processing step. Document your observations. Clearly indicate which processing steps have blackhole, miracle, or both. Use annotations or labels to highlight these instances directly on the diagram. (2.5 points) Examples Blackhole: Colored red 1.0- processing step Input but no output flows (which would be considered a blackhole) Colored green accounts receivable department- input flow, but not output flow (which would be considered a blackhole) Example Miracle: Colored yellow 2.0- processing step output flows but no input flows (which would be considered a miracle) 2) Discuss the potential impact of these mistakes on the overall functionality and logic of the system. (2.5 points) The potential impact of these mistakes is that the system will not be able to function correctly, since there is a lot of errors. For the external entity system to function we need error free flows. For example, if the external entity communicates with the process, and the process isn’t passing the information but only receiving. That will cause the whole system to not function. Blackhole Miracle Blackhole

1) Identify and list the different notations used in the diagram. Pay attention to symbols representing entities, processes, and data flows. (2.5 points) Listed below are some of the different notations used in this diagram. There’s and external entities, process, and data flows. Green- 4 External Entities Yellow- 1 Process Orange- 8 Data Flows 2) Discuss what elements in the diagram contribute to it being classified as a context diagram. Highlight the primary characteristics that distinguish a context diagram from other levels of Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs). (2.5 points) The main system being represented is at the center of the diagram, data flows between the main system and external entities show the exchange of data. It doesn’t have a data storage, and which makes the system have less complications. It’s a very simple form of data flow diagram which is very easy to understand. 3) Discuss your understanding of the significance of "balancing" and "leveling" DFDs, particularly when transitioning from a higher level (context diagram) to lower levels (e.g., Level 1 DFD). Share strategies for maintaining a clear hierarchy through "leveling" and "balancing" within DFDs. (5 points) Balancing involves ensuring that the input and output data flows of each process on a DFD are consistent with the input and output data flows of other processes. It ensures that no data is lost or created during the processing. Leveling involves breaking down a higher-level DFD into a lower-level which helps make subprocesses. It helps in managing an error free system maintaining a clear hierarchy of processes. By using standardized notation and symbols across all level of the DFD to maintain consistency and clarity. Green 4- External Entities Yellow 1- Process Orange 8- Data Flows

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