BUSI 820 Week 4 Discussion

As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, sociologists and physicians at the Wentworth Medical Center in upstate New York investigated the relationship between geographic location and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. Higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. A second part of the study considered the relationship between geographic location and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as arthritis, hypertension, and/or heart ailment. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. Prepare a managerial report that summarizes…

A researcher is interested in exploring the relationship between calcium intake and weight loss. Two different groups, each with 28 dieters, are chosen for the study. Group A is required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen, and also take a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day. Group B is required to follow the same diet and exercise regimen, but with no supplemental calcium. After six months on the program, the members of Group A had lost a mean of 15.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.5 pounds. The members of Group B had lost a mean of 12.3 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.9 pounds during the same time period. Assume that the population variances are not the same. Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the true difference between the mean amounts of weight lost by dieters who supplement with calcium and those who do not. Let Population 1 be the amount of weight lost by Group A, who took a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day, and let Population 2 be the…

A researcher is interested in exploring the relationship between calcium intake and weight loss. Two different groups, each with 29 dieters, are chosen for the study. Group A is required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen, and also take a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day. Group B is required to follow the same diet and exercise regimen, but with no supplemental calcium. After six months on the program, the members of Group A had lost a mean of 10.4 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.2 pounds. The members of Group B had lost a mean of 10.6 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.9 pounds during the same time period. Assume that the population variances are not the same. Construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate the true difference between the mean amounts of weight lost by dieters who supplement with calcium and those who do not. Let Population 1 be the amount of weight lost by Group A, who took a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day, and let Population 2 be the…

Individuals with strong religious beliefs often turn to their faith to cope with stressful life events. Relying on God's love and caring is referred to as positive religious coping. Andrea Phelps and her colleagues studied the relationship between positive religious coping and the type of care received by terminally ill cancer patients. Most of the patients in the study were Christian. Suppose another researcher conducts a similar study, but uses a sample of patients whose religious traditions are more varied than the patients in the Phelps study. She samples 300 terminally ill patients to see whether their practicing a religion is related to how likely they are to have a living will. The following table shows the results of the study.                                            Living Will(Yes).    Living Will(No) Practices Religion(Yes).          90                               69 Practices Religion(No)             90                               51   Find the chi-square test…

Study 2: Pill Appearance and Perceived Pain.    Does the shape or color of a pain pill influence its effectiveness?  Although logically it shouldn’t, whether we believe a drug will work does have a powerful effect on our perceptions (e.g., placebo effect).  In this experiment, 4 groups of adult patients were given the same amount of Advil after dental surgery for pain relief, but the color and shape of the pill varied.  Researchers hypothesized that an unusual shape or color would lead people to believe the pills were new and special and thus would expect them to be more effective than common round, white pills. Researchers also wanted to know if there is an interaction between shape and color Data Labels ShapePill {1=Round; 2=Diamond} ColorPill {1=White; 2=BlueGreen} Gender {0=Woman; 1=Man; 2=Nonbinary person) Descriptions of the Variables and Descriptive Statistics: Referring to the JASP output, and using sentences, present the descriptive statistics of each group: for example:…

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF).Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10.                                                                         CMC                                           FTF…

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF).   Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10.                                                                     CMC                                           FTF Number…

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF).   Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10.                                                                     CMC                                           FTF Number…

A researcher is interested in exploring the relationship between calcium intake and weight loss. Two different groups, each with 2828 dieters, are chosen for the study. Group A is required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen, and also take a 500500-mg supplement of calcium each day. Group B is required to follow the same diet and exercise regimen, but with no supplemental calcium. After six months on the program, the members of Group A had lost a mean of 15.215.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.52.5 pounds. The members of Group B had lost a mean of 12.312.3 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.91.9 pounds during the same time period. Assume that the population variances are not the same. Construct a 95%95% confidence interval to estimate the true difference between the mean amounts of weight lost by dieters who supplement with calcium and those who do not. Let Population 1 be the amount of weight lost by Group A, who took a 500500-mg supplement of calcium each day,…

Seattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…

Seattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…

Seattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…

Please help. Thanks! Experiment 5: What is the relationship between soft drinks and obesity?The director of an obesity clinic in a large northwestern city believes that drinking soft drinks contributes to obesity in children. To determine whether a relationship exists between these two variables, she conducts the following pilot study. Eight 12-year-old male volunteers are randomly selected from children attending a local junior high school. Parents of the children are asked to monitor the number of soft drinks consumed by their child over a 1-week period. The children are weighed at the end of the week and their weights converted into body mass index (BMI) values. The BMI is a common index used to measure obesity and takes into account both height and weight. An individual is considered obese if they have a BMI value 30. The following data are collected: Please provide  needs to have the following information: Hypotheses: both alternative and the null . Mean and standard deviation of…

A researcher in the field of educational psychology is interested in the effects an open classroom has on intellectual development. In the open classroom things are much less structured than in a traditional classroom and she believes that this might affect problem-solving skills. An elementary school in her district switched to an open classroom format last year, and she is interested to see how this has impacted on the kids problem-solving skills. She obtains a random sample of 49 fourth grade children and administers a conceptual problem-solving test to them. It is known that fourth graders in traditional classes have an average score of 82 on the test. The children in this study score an average of 86 with a standard deviation of 5. Use this information to answer the following five questions. If the critical value for this example was 2.423, what would you conclude about the study?   Select one: a. Retain the null hypothesis and claim that open classrooms affect problem-solving…

To demonstrate a causal relationship, the researchers must have appropriate time order and covariation between the variables, and they must have eliminated plausible alternative explanations. What is missing, if anything, in the following cause-and-effect assertions? Explain. A study looks at the promotion time for women and concludes that women face barriers to promotions. Proponents of free college education for all argue that teenage pregnancies and crime would be lower if everyone had the opportunity to go to college. An e-mail circulated stating that a study found that a majority of women who had breast cancer had used deodorant containing a specific chemical and argued that the government should ban that chemical.

QUESTION DETAILS: Super Sneaker Company is evaluating two different materials, A and B, to be used to construct the soles of their new active shoe targeted to city high school students in Canada. While material B costs less than material A, the company suspects that mean wear for material B is greater than mean wear for material A. Two study designs were initially developed to test this suspicion. In both designs, Halifax was chosen as a representative city of the targeted market. In Study Design 1, 16 high school students were drawn at random from the Halifax School District database. After obtaining their shoe sizes, the company manufactured 16 pairs of shoes, each pair with one shoe having a sole constructed from material A and the other shoe, a sole constructed from material B A = (16.41 13.32 11.86 14.76 12.52 12.27 13.71 13.59 15. B (14.76 15.09 14.02 13.54 15.35 14.29 13.26 14.65 14. QUESTION TO ANSWER* PLEASE USER SOFTWARE TO ANSWER AND SHOW CODE: What is the 95% confidence…

McAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2 a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a one-tailed test with =.05 t-critical= t= b. Compute the value of (percentage of variance accounted for) for these data. r^2= a. 0.123, b. 0.239, c. 0.138, d. 0.264

McAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2   a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a two-tailed test with =.05 b. What sampling technique was most likely employed by the researcher? justify your answer c. Does exposure to head impacts have an effect on cognitive performance? why or why not

A new study by Brent Teasdal and Eric Silver (Social Problems, February 2009) argues the neighborhood in which children are raised has more to do with their tendency to commit crimes than parents' efforts to keep their kids on the straight-and-narrow. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the researchers found that regardless of a teen's race, age, gender, or family structure, those who live in lower socioeconomic areas were more likely to commit crimes than those in affluent areas. And that finding held regardless of the lessons parents taught their kids at home. Based on this description, which of the follow is the dependent variable for that study? O Committing crimes Socioeconomic status of the neighborhood Parenting behaviors Age

A sociologist wants to investigate the question, "Is there a relationship between texting during class and grade-point-average (GPA) among high school seniors in a large district?" Which study design is most appropriate?     Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester, obtain each student’s GPA from the appropriate admissions and records office. Compare the GPA of students who routinely text during class to the GPA of students who do not text during class. Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester,…

Of all sports, football accounts for the highest incidence of concussion in the United States due to the large number of athletes participating and the nature of the sport. While there is general agreement that concussion incidence can be reduced by making rule changes and teaching proper tackling technique, there remains debate as to whether helmet design may also reduce the incidence of concussion. Rowson et al. (2014) report on a retrospective analysis of head impact data collected between 2005 and 2010 from eight collegiate football teams. Concussion rates for players wearing two types of helmets, Riddell VSR4 and Riddell Revolution, were compared. A total of 1,281,444 head impacts were recorded, from which 64 concussions were diagnosed. The relative risk of sustaining a concussion in a Revolution helmet compared with a VSR4 helmet was 46.1%. This study illustrates that differences in the ability to reduce concussion risk exist between helmet models in football. Although helmet…

Iranian researchers studied factors affecting patients’ likelihood of wearing orthodontic appliances, noting that orthodontics is perhaps the area of health care with the highest need for patient cooperation (Behenam & Pooya, 2007). Among their analyses, they compared students in primary school, junior high school, and high school. The data that follow have almost exactly the same means as the researchers found in their study, but with far smaller samples. The score for each student is his or her daily hours of wearing the orthodontic appliance. Did age of students impact how long they wore the orthodontic appliance for? Use alpha of .05. Primary school: 16, 13, 18 (M= 15.67, s= 2.52) Junior high school: 8, 13, 14, 12 (M= 11.75, s=2.63) High school: 20, 15, 16, 18 (M= 17.25, s= 2.22)