1022-LAB 5-Response Template (1) (1)

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Western University *

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ANTHRO1025

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 5 – Bioarchaeology Response Template Remember to upload this template as a Word document (.doc or .docx). We will not accept Labs submitted using the wrong file format (e.g. PDF, Pages) – they will receive a zero. An ‘Osteobiography’ represents all the information about someone’s life, identity, and history as told by their skeleton. • In the first part of this lab, you will learn how to estimate an adult’s (~≥18 years) sex from their (a) pelvis and (b) skull using plastic casts set up at stations in the lab. • In the second part of this lab, you will learn how to (a) estimate a nonadult’s (~< 18 years) age-at-death from the state of their dental formation and eruption and (b) how to identify morphological features of the pubic symphysis that permit adult age-estimation from young to old adulthood. • Finally, the third part of this lab session is a thought-exercise that can be completed either in or away from lab (whichever you prefer). You will choose two osteobiographical characteristics, beyond sex and age-at-death, that would be in useful in identifying a recent/modern-day public person (e.g., sports star, actor/actress, politician, musician, chef, journalist, academic, royalty, reality star, etc.) based on their skeletal remains (as uncovered by a future bioarchaeologist 1000 years from now!) PART 1: SEX ESTIMATION Record your observations in the charts below, averaging the observations for each individual in order to estimate their sex. PART 1a: Use this table to record your observations of the pelvis and sex estimations for two individuals (1 mark) (R=right side; L=left side) Skeleton # 525f (top row) 525h (bottom row) Ventral arc score (1-5) R L Sub-pubic Angle (1-5) Subpubic Concavity (1-5) R L Greater sciatic notch (1-5)

R L Estimated Sex Ventral arc score f:1 Sub pubic angle f:1 Sub pubic concavity f:1 Greater sciatic notch f: 2 female Ventral arc score h: 5 Sub pubic angle h :5 Sub pubic concavity h: 5 Greater sciatic notch h: 4 male PART 1b: Use this table to record your observations of the skull and sex estimations for two individuals (1 mark) (R=right side; L=left side) Skeleton # Nuchal crest (1-5) R L Mastoid process (1-5) R L Supra-orbital margin (1-5)

R L Glabella (1-5) Mental eminence (1-5) Estimated Sex 523 c Nuchal crest:4 Mastoid process: 3 Supra: 4 Glabella: 3 Mental: 4 Male 523 e Nuchal crest: 2 Mastoid process: 1 Supra: 2 Glabella: 1 Mental: 2 Female PART 2: AGE-AT-DEATH ESTIMATION PART 2. Using the Ubelaker (1989) dental formation and eruption chart, estimate the age-at-death of one of the two individuals at this station. Always note both the average age and the ‘+/-‘ value. You

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will need to compare the pattern of tooth formation and eruption in the specimen you’re studying to the diagrams and go with the closest match. Note, teeth coloured white are deciduous (‘baby’) teeth while teeth coloured in grey are the permanent teeth. A tooth is unerupted if it hasn’t breached (come through) the ‘black line’, which represents the border of the jaw. A tooth is in the process of erupting, or is fully erupted, once it breaches the ‘black line’/jaw border. Record the individual’s ID number and estimated age at death here (1 mark) : Skull ID: ii (2) Age-at-death: 10 years +/- 30 months PART 3: OSTEOBIOGRAPHY You are a Bioarchaeologist in the year 3022. A large government infrastructure project to build a spaceport has required the movement of an ancient, abandoned cemetery. From ancient documents and grave-markings, you believe that one of the skeletons in the cemetery belongs to a prominent public figure who lived about a thousand years earlier (in the year 2022 or soon before). However, the documents and grave markings are incomplete and are insufficient to identify the individual with certainty. Your task as a bioarchaeologist is to select two methods of analysis beyond sex and age-at-death estimation (as these have already been done and the results agree with the individual you think they may be) to learn more about the individual’s lifeways from their bones and teeth, and to use this information to determine if they are the person you think they are. In other words, your aim is to select two methods that allow you to reconstruct distinctive aspects of their ‘osteobiography’, beyond sex and age-at-death . The more distinctive the osteobiographic indicator you assess, the more confident you can be in determining if the individual is, or is not, who you think they are. Be sure to explain what the two methods are and why they’ve been selected in this case. In other words what distinctive aspects of the suspected individual will be revealed by the two chosen methods. You may select any prominent public figure from the past century. If you’re struggling to decide who might be appropriate, think of people who have a particularly unique personal history and/or pattern of habitual behaviour. How would their unique lifeways influence their bones and teeth? As a future bioarchaeologist, what bioarchaeological methods would you use to interpret their life? Research proposal for the analysis of the grave possibly containing the remains of: Brent Burns, (hockey player) NAME: insert name of the public figure you chose.

Bioarchaeological methods you would choose and why (150+/-20 words) The first of two methods that would be helpful in identifying the skeleton of famous hockey player, Brent Burns, is an analysis of the skull. M. Burns is missing both his central incisors, as well as a lateral incisor on the right side of his mouth, plus one unspecified tooth. Therefore his skeletal remains would be missing four total adult teeth. Additionally, we could check the muscle attachment sites near the wrist and knee on his right. Burns is a right-handed defensemen. On top of the fact that the sites on both his legs would be massive due to skating most of his life, the muscle attachments in his right arm would be larger since he primarily relies on that hand to shoot, pass and handle the puck. If these tests come back supporting our predictions, they could very well support the evidence of these remains belonging to a professional hockey player with a toothless grin. Word Count (range is 130-170 words): 156 words

Rubric Criteria Yes No Part 1 Sex estimation from pelvis (1 mark) 1 Sex estimation from skull (1 mark) 1 Part 2 Age-at-Death estimation from the teeth (1 mark) 1 Part 3 Two appropriate bioarchaeological methods are identified and explained (3 marks) 3 Specific & appropriate predictions made of what would be found from each method (3 marks) 3 Originality (1 mark) 0.5 Within word count range - deduct 0.5 Mark Total 9.5/10 Note: Be sure to submit your lab as a Word file. Submissions received in another file format will receive a zero.

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