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1 Issue Statement Shalanda Pinder Master of Science in Social Work, Walden University SOCW-6361A-13 Professor Samuel November 3, 2023

2 Issue of Statement: Suicide among Adolescents and Young Adults The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.) reported that suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the age of 10-24 years old. Suicide has now become a social problem in the United States. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) defines suicide as the following: Suicide is the death caused by self -directed injuries with the intent to die as a result of the behavior. Suicide and suicide attempts cause emotional, physical, and economic impacts. From 2000 and 2018, the national suicide rate among adolescents and young adults rose from 6.8 per 100,000 to 10.7 per 100,000 (cite CDC). One of the most alarming trends happens to be seen within this social problem have been the rise of suicide among African American adolescents. According to the CDC (cite), the suicide rate for this population increased from 8.2 per 100,000 in 2018 to 11.2 per 100,000 in 2021 making it a 36.6% higher. The Maryland Health Department (n.d.) states that over the last five years 3,000 Marylanders died by suicide. In the state of Maryland, suicide is the 11 th leading cause of death for people between the ages of 10-34 according to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) (cite). Although Maryland ranked lower in suicide rates, there have been an incline in suicide since 2015 (cite). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the three leading methods of suicide are firearm, suffocation, and poisoning.[17]. In one study, hanging or asphyxia was the leading cause of death among adolescents in Maryland, followed by firearms(18). High rate of adolescent suicide caused by forearm injuries indicates that a safety firearm storage is one of the potential suicide prevention measurements. There is a

3 need to focus policy efforts on enhancing mental well-being and resiliency in the nation as suicide among African American Adolescent with mental illness plague for this population. Policy Review The Public Service Act was enacted in 1944, the Act provided a legislative basis for provisions of public health services in the U.S. (cite). In 2020, the Senate House of Representatives reenacted the Public Service Act with the Mental Health Services for Students Act 2020, the new revised Act extended projects relating to children along with providing access to school based comprehensive mental health programs. The House Bill was passed with a 220- 205 vote(cite). Republican, Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick (Pa.), joined the Democratic party in supporting the new Act. Additionally, MHSS would grow the number of mental health providers in school systems. The growth of mental health services within schools can provide direct partnerships between a school or district and a community organization. It can also provide comprehensive behavioral health models, in which integrate social-emotional curricula as well as training. However, many schools do not have the specialized staff needed to respond to the increased prevalence and complexity of the adolescence mental health needs. In Maryland, an amendment to COMAR 13A.07.11 Student Suicide Prevention and Safety Training, now requires additional in-service training for all certified school personnel who have direct contact with students on a regular basis. (cite) In addition, certified school personnel will be able to respond, identify, and provide resources to help adolescents. The amendment will also recognize behaviors, recognize adolescents who experience trauma or violence, and refer adolescents to behavioral health services under the new legislation. The two Bills shed light on implementation for suicide however, it’s critical for social workers engage in advocacy to raise

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4 awareness to suicide and suicidal ideations among African American adolescents in the U.S. and Maryland. Social Advocacy Proposal Research proves that suicide in adolescents is a global public health threat. With suicide being a leading cause of death in the United States, it is worthy of investigation so that resources can be allocated to susceptible populations. Adolescent suicide continues to be a significant public health concern. In a most recent study, it was shown that adolescent suicide rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and female adolescents grew increasingly susceptible to suicide (cite). Even though, the Mental Health Services for Students Act 2020 and Maryland’s COMAR 13A.07.11 Student Suicide Prevention and Safety Training, were revised to prevent and provide change, the bills do not include accessibility for services to all. Since COVID-19, there have been an incline of adolescents who experience some type of mental health illness that led to the act of attempting to commit suicide or for one to have suicidal ideations. Data suggest that depression, anxiety, and social isolation increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have contributed to suicide risk in youth.[13). Through the implementation of the thee bills the federal government can work along in partnership with the states to address mental health. . Additionally, a focus on reducing the stigma associated with mental illness in adolesecnts must be a focus of suicide prevention programs. Initiatives and programs that raise awareness by hosting education, improving accessibility, reducing wait times can help to reduce suicide in this population (Davidson et al., 2020). Policies and initiatives should also improve how adolescents risk for suicide or substance abuse are identified and treated within schools or the community. Theres wide variation in treatment methods from state to state. Due to the high rates of suicide

5 worldwide, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and the Children’s Hospital Association (CHA) have joined forces to declare a National State of Emergency in Children Mental Health. These challenges that adolescents are faced with are widespread and all policy makers at all levels need to come to advocate for change. Some implications to approach this social concern will include an increasement of federal funding to ensure that all families and adolescent are screened, diagnosis and have the corrective form of treatment, to address the regulatory challenges and improve access to technology for telemedicine for all, increase implementation for funding in school based mental health care, and to address the ongoing challenges of acute care for services, including shortage of beds in the emergency rooms by expanding access to other programs from inpatient units and reducing long wait times for services.

6 References (Note that the following references are intended as examples only.) American Counseling Association. (n.d.). About us. https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about- aca Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76 (1), 26- 33. Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management. California Management Review, 58 (3), 66-87. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66 Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power. Routledge. Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24 (2), 225–229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225 Johnson, P. (2003). Art: A new history. HarperCollins. https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000 Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56 (3), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001 Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15). 5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for- staying-motivated/art-20270835 Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Wiley.

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7 Walden University Library. (n.d.). Anatomy of a research article [Video]. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/tutorials#s-lg-box- 7955524 Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Writing literature reviews in your graduate coursework [Webinar]. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/graduate#s-lg-box-18447417 World Health Organization. (2018, March). Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety. https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/

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