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1 Disproportionate Minority Contact Student's Name University Course Professor Date

2 Disproportionate Minority Contact 1. Introduction The existence of Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) in a society makes it deviate from the concept of an impartial justice system. Disproportionate Minority Contact is the rate of contact with the juvenile justice system among juveniles of a particular marginalized group, which is very different from rates of contact for white non-Hispanic juveniles ( Fix et al., 2021) . The study explores the challenges of DMC, using an instance in Baltimore, Maryland. Disproportionate Minority Contact is sadly a serious issue in the United States, even though the government advertises and continues to assure citizens that there is undoubtedly justice. The article "Race and punishment: Racial perceptions of crime and support for punitive policies" by Professors Nazgol Ghandnoosh and Marc Mauer, together with the instance in Baltimore, Maryland, where there were more African American youth locked up than those who were free, give a clear picture of the presence of DMC. 2. Summary of the Article: Professors Nazgol Ghandnoosh and Marc Mauer's complete evaluation of "Race and Punishment" deeply explores the connection between racial perceptions of crime and the inequalities present in the criminal justice system. The article demonstrates how societal perceptions combine into negative attitudes towards a particular group of people. Which further extends to the justice system ( Ghandnoosh et al., 2014) . The perception only gets worse because it is spread in almost every part of the country, and the marginalized groups are the minority. Hence, they do not get equal chances of representation in the justice system.

3 This aligns with the instance of Baltimore, Maryland, where, a few years ago, African- American youth made up 65% of the population. Yet, they constitute an astounding 95% of those involved in the juvenile justice system. The critical assessment highlights the ways in which societal attitudes and prejudices permeate every aspect of the legal system, impacting who gets in, how they are handled, and the consequences they experience. The results of "Race and Punishment" are consistent with the Baltimore case, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive revision of policies and procedures. It emphasizes the necessity of changes to address ingrained cultural prejudices that sustain inequities in addition to promptly addressing disadvantages that are already present. As the article illustrates, knowledge and hard people's perspectives are essential for addressing the systemic problems that are crucial to Disproportionate Minority Contact. 3. Methods used to measure the extent of DMC. Data Collection and Analysis: Carefully amassing and analyzing data is one of the most important strategies. Through a careful examination of arrest statistics, referrals, detentions, and tendencies labeled primarily based on racial and ethnic identification, analysts can spot clear variations and pinpoint the precise location inside the gadget wherein these disparities are maximum stated. For instance, in Baltimore, Maryland, this technique found a sad situation by means of contrasting the children's population demographics with their disproportionate illustration inside the juvenile prison machine. Comparative Analysis: Important information on disproportionality can be gained by comparing the representation of minority children in the juvenile justice system to their presence in the general population. By demonstrating the degree to which certain groups are overrepresented or underrepresented within the juvenile system of justice, this comparison is

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4 very important in tracking the variations and illuminating the inequalities. This method highlights the inconsistencies observed in Baltimore, Maryland, wherein the statistical assessment of the overall populace and the juvenile justice system's makeup have become concerningly disproportionate, indicating a systemic problem that calls for instant interest. Qualitative Research: Beyond numerical statistics, qualitative techniques like interviews, recognition corporations, or surveys among stakeholders explore the perceptions and biases within the justice system. Engaging law enforcement, judges, legal professionals, and community humans gives a deeper knowledge of the underlying reasons for DMC. This qualitative technique aids in uncovering extensive biases, perceptions, and preference-making techniques influencing the overrepresentation of minority young adults, contributing treasured insights for comprehensive reforms. Policy and Practice Analysis: Assessing policies and procedures within the juvenile justice system is essential to identify the causes of DMC. This method explores the judicial tactics, police procedures, disciplinary policies, and how they are implemented ( Fix et al., 2021) . By looking at the case of Baltimore, Maryland, and using it as a reference, it is easier to identify specific behaviors or policies that support injustice in the juvenile legal system. Conclusion The existence of Disproportionate Minority Contact in the country goes against the belief and the notion that the United States is a nation where justice is upheld, and everyone is equal. The statistics do not align with the word on the ground, and the instance of Baltimore, Maryland, is just one of the many instances distributed in many parts of the country. Ghandnoosh's article explains the cause of Disproportionate Minority Contact by highlighting that the perception that

5 the majority have of marginalized groups, particularly African Americans, is related to how they are treated in the justice system, in this case, the juvenile justice system.

6 References Fix, R. L., Fanniff, A. M., Kline, J. L., & Letourneau, E. J. (2021). Disproportionate minority contact: an expanded examination of how threat of violent and sexual offending impacts court outcomes. Race and Justice , 21533687211032315. Ghandnoosh, N. (2014). Race and punishment: Racial perceptions of crime and support for punitive policies.

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