RSCH6110 week 6 DB

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Walden University *

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6110Y

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Sociology

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Jun 10, 2024

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docx

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Post an explanation of a threat to internal validity and a threat to external validity in quantitative research. Next, explain a strategy to mitigate each of these threats. Then, identify a potential ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it might influence design decisions. Finally, explain what it means for a research topic to be amenable to scientific study using a quantitative approach. Research of all kinds has the risk of being influenced by outside influences beyond the researcher’s control. There are both internal and external threats to the validity of a research study. Threats to a study's internal validity include: History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression, researcher bias, selection, overall mortality, and differential mortality (Burkholder et al., 2020). These are outside influences that affect the study's participants and/or researchers. Whether a participant had a personal event occur in their life, influencing their responses to a questionnaire or a test could have made a prediction and adjusted for it, but the adjustment was actually influenced simply by the children having had a snack, or it could be that the researcher is so determined that their suspicions are correct that the skew the research in their favor (Burkholder et al., 2020). External threats to validity include: interactions of the observed causal relationship with sample units, treatment variations, types of outcome measures used, settings in which the treatment was delivered, and context- dependent mediation (Burkholder et al., 2020). Researchers can eliminate bias by making sure they take a full detailed history, using a program such as a randomizer to assign participants to different sample groups, revisiting the type of research design used, verifying the control group, and using a third-party observer to review the study’s design, methods, and questions (Burkholder et al., 2020). Ethical risks can include potential participant harm (i.e. Stanford prison experiment), legal harm (i.e. breach of privacy), and or lack of clearly outlined risks to the participant (Burkholder et al., 2020). Ethical risks can be reduced by providing clearly written informed consent prior to participation in the study, as well as an option for debriefing after the study is complete (Burkholder et al., 2020). Expressly, participants should be provided with a brief purpose of the study, the expected duration of the study, precisely what is expected of the participant, and the potential benefits of the research and the participant's participation, among others (Burkholder et al., 2020). A research topic is amenable to scientific study when the study meaning it is clearly understood through observation units (Babbie, 2014). Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7 th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., Crawford, L. M., & Hitchcock, J. H. (Eds.) (2020). Research designs and methods: An applied guide for the scholar-practitioner. Thousand Oaks, CA: Safe.

 respecting their privacy and keeping their private information confidential  respecting their right to change their mind, to decide that the research does not match their interests, and to withdraw without a penalty  informing them of new information that might emerge in the course of research, which might change their assessment of the risks and benefits of participating  monitoring their welfare and, if they experience adverse reactions, unexpected effects, or changes in clinical status, ensuring appropriate treatment and, when necessary, removal from the study  informing them about what was learned from the research. Guiding principles for ethical research . (2016, March 16). National Institutes of Health (NIH). https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research- trials-you/guiding-principles-ethical-research Hey Michelle, Great job this week. I enjoyed reading your overview of this weeks materials. Two of the issues you mentions were permissions and participants safety. Both are crucial considerations to be made by researchers prior to starting their study. Per the IRB, informed consent must be provided at all times. Informed consent must include - initial key information of the study - the purpose of the study - expected durations of the study - clear expectations and guidelines of what is expected of the participant - any and all experimental procedures, as well as information of alternative procedures, - potential risks to the participant - potential benefits - whether there are an incentives - Voluntary participation and no penalties or negative consequences of any kind if participation is withdrawn - Clear information on how their privacy will be maintained - And, names and contact information of the researcher and/or individual responsible for answering questions. (Burkholder et al., 2020)

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