9-Hinduism and Buddhism_

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St. John's University *

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1010

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Religion

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Oct 30, 2023

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pptx

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Uploaded by MinisterGorillaMaster1269

AP World Review: Video #9: Hinduism and Buddhism (Key Concepts 2.1, I, A, 2.1, II, A, F, 2.1, III, B) • Everything You Need To Know About Hinduism And Buddhism To Succeed In AP World www.APWorldReview.com

Hinduism • Hinduism is a monistic belief system: • Everything is created by one being • No single founder • Key Texts: • Vedas - written in Sanskrit • Upanishads - found in the Vedas • Bhagavad Gita - stressed doing ones duty

Hinduism • Core Beliefs: • Multiple manifestations of brahman • One true god, takes on many forms - present in every person • Dharma: • One’s duty or the way of living • Doing good dharma will help end the cycle of rebirth • Karma: • Helps determine one’s caste • Reincarnation • People are reborn in the next life until one is freed • Moksha: • Ultimate goal in Hinduism • Ends the cycle of rebirth

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The Hindu Caste System • Brahmins: • Priestly caste • Kshatriyas: • Warrior class • Vaishyas: • Merchants and artisans • Shudras: • Peasants and serfs • Dalits: • Untouchables • Jatis: • Subcasts that have developed over time • India banned discrimination based on castes

Buddhism • Founded by Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) • Was a reaction to Vedic beliefs • Buddha rejected the religious authority of Brahmins • Not focused on the existence of God • Challenged the Hindu Caste System • Anyone could achieve enlightenment

Buddhism • Core Beliefs: • Karma - influences rebirth • Reincarnation • Meditation • Nirvana - one could achieve Enlightenment

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4 Noble Truths & Eightfold Path • 4 Noble Truths: • Suffering in life • Suffering comes from selfish desire • Ending suffering will achieve Nirvana • Follow the Eightfold Path • Noble Eightfold Path • Right View, Right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right samadhi - meditative consciousness

Buddhism • Over time, it branched into many schools: • Mahayana (India): • Bodhisattvas - people who delayed entrance into Nirvana to help others • It spread throughout Asia • Under the leadership of Mauryan leader Ashoka • Missionaries and merchants • Similar to Christianity • Educational institutions: • Promoted Buddhism’s teachings • Some Buddhists practiced a monastic life • Similar to Christianity

Quick Recap • Hinduism: • Key texts • Dharma, Karma, Reincarnation • Caste System • Buddhism: • Reaction to Hinduism • Eightfold Path • Meditation • Nirvana • Spread through Asia and how it changed • Monastic life for some (Like Christianity)

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