assign 20 reaidy nov. 13

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Dec 6, 2023

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Assignment 20: Pre-Class Summary on Readings on Eating Disorders Perla H. Reaidy Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin EDP 383C: Developmental Psychopathology Dr. J. Mark Eddy November 13, 2023

Disorder/Topic Eating disorders, as defined by the DSM-5, are serious mental health conditions characterized by disturbances in eating behaviors and a preoccupation with body weight and shape. Common types include anorexia nervosa, marked by extreme food restriction; bulimia nervosa, involving binge-eating followed by purging behaviors; and binge-eating disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of overeating without compensatory behaviors. These disorders often result in significant physical and psychological consequences. Takeaways Assessment Eating and feeding disorders encompass a broad range of psychological conditions with diverse manifestations, as the diagnostic category includes well-known disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as well as lesser-known conditions like avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Assessment approaches involve screening tools, diagnostic aids, and consideration of various factors, highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity within this diagnostic category. Parental reports play a significant role in overcoming potential unreliability in youth self- reports due to denial, minimization, or lack of insight. However, it's also highlighted that there can be discrepancies between parental and adolescent reports, emphasizing the complexity of gathering accurate information in this context. When working with youth with eating disorders, it's crucial to set clear and measurable goals, operationalized in terms of physical, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. While collaborative goal-setting is generally recommended, weight-related goals in cases of anorexia nervosa may be best established by a multidisciplinary team, emphasizing the need for

communication with the youth and family and assessing readiness to change and considering psychosocial impairment are important aspects of the therapeutic process. Treatment Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is an effective and superior approach for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) compared to individual therapy. FBT, characterized by parental control over eating behaviors and an agnostic view of the illness's etiology, has shown positive outcomes, especially for those with shorter durations of illness. Additionally, Family-Based Treatment (FBT) and Adolescent-Focused Therapy (AFT) are effective, with AFT being a suitable alternative when family dynamics hinder FBT. The integration of complementary therapies, like yoga and cognitive remediation therapy, may contribute to improved outcomes, however, there is a need for more research, particularly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to compare these approaches and establish their efficacy conclusively. There is a lack of developed and tested smartphone applications specifically for adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge-eating disorder (BED). Existing interventions, while available, show limited evidence-based programming, highlighting the need for further assessment and improvement in their effectiveness, especially considering adolescents' easy access to these applications. Developmental Psychopathology Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are traditionally seen as developmental conditions with a stereotypic onset in adolescence, particularly during or after puberty. Research has focused on understanding the role of puberty, examining factors like pubertal status and timing in association with the development of

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disordered eating symptoms. There is consistent evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicating that pubertal status and timing are linked to a significantly higher risk of developing eating disorders and related symptoms in girls. The impact of puberty on eating disorders appears to be more pronounced in females than in males, and genetic and biological factors, particularly hormonal changes like estrogen during puberty, play a significant role in influencing this risk. The research indicates that advanced pubertal status and early pubertal timing significantly elevate the risk of developing eating disorders in girls. This heightened risk appears to be partially influenced by genetic factors, particularly the activation of estrogen during puberty, and the effects are not uniformly present in boys, providing indirect support for hormonal influences on eating disorder risk in girls. References

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) , 5th Edition. American Psychiatric Press. Lewis, M., & Rudolph, K. D. (Eds.) (2014). Handbook of developmental psychopathology (3rd ed.). Springer. Prinstein, M. J., Youngstrom, E. A., Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (Ed.) (2021). Treatment of disorders in childhood and adolescence , 4th Edition. The Guilford Press. Youngstrom, E. A., Prinstein, M. J., Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (Eds.) (2020). Assessment of disorders in childhood and adolescence , 5th Edition. The Guilford Press.

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