Assign 19 Reaidy Nov. 06

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Dec 6, 2023

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Assignment 19: Pre-Class Summary on Readings on Substance Use Disorders Perla H. Reaidy Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin EDP 383C: Developmental Psychopathology Dr. J. Mark Eddy November 06, 2023

Disorder/Topic A substance use disorder, according to the DSM-V, is a problematic pattern of using alcohol or another substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. It encompasses a range of issues, from mild to severe, and is characterized by symptoms like tolerance, withdrawal, increased use over time, unsuccessful attempts to cut down, and neglecting important activities or responsibilities due to substance use. The severity of the disorder is determined by the number of criteria met, with mild, moderate, and severe classifications available. Takeaways Assessment Conducting substance use assessments in adolescents is crucial, as adolescence is a critical period for the onset and escalation of substance use due to developmental changes, peer influences, and increased independence. It is important to consider the need for evidence-based assessments to identify substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescents, tailoring assessments to consider factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, and culture. Thorough assessment is important when dealing with adolescents and substance use by using comprehensive assessment tools, like the T-ASI, GAIN Quick, and various diagnostic interviews, to understand an adolescent's substance use patterns, history, and co-occurring factors, helping to guide diagnosis, treatment planning, and placement in appropriate levels of care. These assessments should consider developmental differences between adolescents and adults and be sensitive to gender, sexual orientation, and cultural factors that influence an adolescent's experience and expression of substance use and mental health issues. Assessment tools should cover various domains, including substance use history,

psychiatric conditions, readiness to change, executive cognitive functioning, and biological testing. Such assessments help in treatment planning and monitoring, and they need to be adapted to the unique needs and characteristics of adolescents. Treatment The peak risk for the onset of substance use occurs during adolescence, with factors such as brain development, peer influence, and increased sensation-seeking contributing to experimentation with substances. Although many adolescents experiment with substance use, it's important to be concerned about potential long-term adverse effects on various aspects of their functioning into adulthood. There are different levels of treatment efficacy for addressing adolescent substance use, ranging from "well established" to "questionable efficacy." This highlights the importance of using evidence-based treatments and the need for further research to enhance the effectiveness of these treatments. Adolescent substance use treatment should be tailored to individual needs, considering factors such as addiction severity, co-occurring mental health conditions, readiness to change, and the recovery environment, while also developing culturally sensitive treatment adaptations are crucial in addressing the diverse needs of adolescent populations in substance use treatment.. Additionally, the significance of setting achievable treatment goals through collaborative discussions with the adolescent, parents, and other stakeholders, while also acknowledging the role of collateral informants and the potential use of drug testing for monitoring substance use. Developmental Psychopathology Alcoholism, now referred to as Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is a complex and prevalent psychiatric disorder that varies in onset, course, and severity. It is closely related to the

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availability and social context of alcohol use and is influenced by developmental, genetic, and environmental factors. Children with a family history of AUD, particularly when combined with externalizing behaviors, are at increased risk. Additionally, early initiation of alcohol use before the age of 15 is associated with a higher likelihood of developing AUD in adulthood. The development of AUD is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, and it progresses through distinct developmental stages. Early behavioral disinhibition and environmental risk play a significant role in initiating risk, and the imbalance between incentive motivation and effortful control systems in the brain can lead to addictive behaviors, particularly during adolescence. Adolescence is a critical period for the onset and escalation of substance use, as rapid individual and contextual changes occur during this developmental stage. While substance use during adolescence is associated with various risks and negative consequences, it can also serve multiple perceived positive functions, such as coping, asserting autonomy, facilitating social integration, and exploring new sensations, so we should strive to understand the epidemiology and etiology of adolescent substance use is crucial for addressing this complex issue. Adolescent substance use is influenced by various factors, including biological, cognitive, and social changes and these changes can lead to both continuity and discontinuity in substance use patterns, and the transition to adulthood plays a significant role in shaping these patterns. Additionally, substance use is a complex behavior influenced by a multitude of risk and protective factors, including physical development, cognitive changes, sensation seeking, and social influences. Adolescence is a dynamic period characterized by fundamental changes in self-identity

and relationships, so adolescent substance use is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including identity exploration, motivations for substance use, externalizing behaviors, internalizing symptoms, family relationships, peer influences, and educational and occupational transitions. Understanding the multifaceted nature of adolescent development and substance use is crucial for designing effective prevention and intervention strategies. References American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders (DSM-5) , 5th Edition. American Psychiatric Press. Lewis, M., & Rudolph, K. D. (Eds.) (2014). Handbook of developmental psychopathology (3rd ed.). Springer. Prinstein, M. J., Youngstrom, E. A., Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (Ed.) (2021). Treatment of disorders in childhood and adolescence , 4th Edition. The Guilford Press. Youngstrom, E. A., Prinstein, M. J., Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (Eds.) (2020). Assessment of disorders in childhood and adolescence , 5th Edition. The Guilford Press.

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