tch 520 Memory

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Running head: MEMORY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Memory in the Early Childhood Setting Shanise Stroder Grand Canyon University: TCH-520 December 11, 2019 1

MEMORY IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTING Explain the formation and stages of memory Memory is the most precious things that as humans we have. Memory can spark positive recollection and on the other hand cause cause negative recollection of events. Memory is the process by which we retain knowledge and skills for the future (Sousa 2017). The memory has different levels to how it is formed. There are seven ways in which the memory is formed. As the brain learned new information it goes through physical and chemical changes over time as it forms. The formation of memory starts with long term memory; which is new learning. The stages of memory include sensory, working, and long-term. Theses stages depend on one another and co-exist within the brain depending on that learning is taking place. Describe types of memory and their importance in the learning environment The types of memory are declarative; which includes explicit memory, remembering faces but not names, remembering basic math facts, and specific objects. Declarative memory can be broken down into two parts: episodic and semantic memory. The second type of memory is non-declarative; implicit memory, remembering how to ride a bike after not riding for many years, tying laces, remembering your childhood address. Non-declarative can be broken down into procedural memory, perceptual representation, and classical conditioning, and non- associative learning. Declarative memory in learning has an importance to the learning environment because this will help teachers remembering certain events in the classroom like student’s birthdays or important school assemblies, this is important because inherently can change how a lesson is being presented and the time frame needed to complete it without distractions of an assembly. This helps the learning environment for students in rembering that they have a test every Friday on spelling words and knowing when and how far in advance to 2

MEMORY IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTING study for the spelling test. The semantic memory is important like as mentioned in the above example, studying for a test. The student must remember key details, dates or specific spelling for the test that will be given. Non-declarative memory is important to the learning environment because the memory requires continuous practice through the school day. Discuss the relationship between learning, retention, and transfer The relationship between learning, retention, and transfer are not all the same but can be dependent on one another. Learning is acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience. Retention is the process of preserving learning in long term memory, and retrieve information quickly to apply learning for the future. Transfer is the influence of past learning to new learning to utilize it in the learner’s’ future learning. Describe 2-3 instructional strategies to improve retention and transfer Instructional strategies will benefit a teacher with the help of memory of presenting new information to students. Teaching new material first is a way to help foster retention and transfer. In doing this a teacher is able to provide new information first while the students attention is solely on them for that initial 2-3 minutes of intent to learn. Revisiting the same new information as a follow up will allow the student’s to retain that information for the future. Many strategies can be used throughout the learning process to increase learning goals of students. An example of an instructional strategy to improve retention is visual cues or signals, by using this as a strategy clues such as ringing a bell or a hand clap lets students know that this cue means that important information is being presented. Other strategies that will benefit the teacher is using different tones of voices, heightening your voice to show that this important to learn and then going back to a regular tone to differentiate between the information presented. 3

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MEMORY IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTING Lastly movement and music can also be a vital strategy as this get students’ moving and they can equate a movement or song to that new math fact they learner, or the new sight word rap we practice to help prepare for the spelling test. 4

MEMORY IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SETTING References Banikowski, A. K., & Mehring, T. A. (2017). Strategies to Enhance Memory Based on Brain- Research. Focus on Exceptional Children , 32 (2). doi: 10.17161/foec.v32i2.6772 Rosewarne, S., White, E. J., & Wright, L. (2010). Exploring Transition through Collective Biographical Memory Work: Considerations for Parents and Teachers in Early Childhood Education. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood , 35 (3), 24–32. doi: 10.1177/183693911003500304 Sousa, D. A. (2017). How the brain learns . Thousand Oaks: Corwin 5

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