Theroies_Chart_COUC_510_Rhonda_Wright

THEORIES CHART 1 Theories Chart Rhonda Wright School of Behavioral Science Liberty University Author Note Rhonda Wright, I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Rhonda Wright. Email: Rwright66@liberty.edu

THEORIES CHART 2 Theoretica l Approach Foun der & Date Foun ded Counselor ’s Role (2) Client’s Role (2) Key Concepts (2) Therapeu tic Technique s (2) Multicultur al Strengths (2) Multicultur al Shortcomin gs (2) Limit ation s (2) Research (1) Psychoana lytic (Corey, 2020) (Heine, 1953) (Tan, 2011) Sigmu nd Freud 1856- 1939 1. The blank screen approach which is an anonymou s non- judgmenta l stance. 2. The therapist is to avoid a transferen ce relationshi p with the client. 3. The therapist is the client who finds freedom. 1. The client is to commit themselves to a long- term clinical process 2. The client is to engage in free association which is known by fundament al rule where the client is able to report their inner feelings 1. Irrational forces, unconsciou s motivations , and biological and instinctual drives. 2. Death instincts which account for aggressive drives. Which is a major challenge for all humans. 1. Psychoana lytic therapy increases awareness and helps clients gain insight into their behaviors. 2. Goals for this technique are A. Emotional understand ing B. reduction of impulsive behavior. C. change of personality . 1. Strengths: Psychoanaly tical therapy is appropriate for all populations as long as the techniques are modified. 2. Eric Erikson has found how psychoanaly tical therapy affects all humans throughout their entire lifespan. 1. Shortcomin gs: The psychoanaly tic approach can be very costly 2. Asian culture may ask for a more structured and directive approach. If they are not receiving this kind of therapy, they may discontinue therapy {In-Text citation(s)} 1. Resea rch is compl icated to assess throu gh rando mized contr ol trials 2. There is a limite d therap ist who is traine d in psych oanal ytic therap y. 3. Psych oanal ytic therap y can be very long and requir es the comm itmen t of both the therap ist and the client. An anony 1. Psychoanalyst lytic theory consist of Methods that explore the unconscious To bring information To the conscious mind. There have Been uncontrolled case studies The longest study and survey lasted About 30 Years.

THEORIES CHART 4 superficial and simple. studie s that may cause some peopl e/rese archer s to be biase d. Existential (Corey, 2020) (Heidenreic h et al., 2021) (Heine, 1953) (Tan, 2011) Viktor Frankl 1905- 1997 The role of the therapist is to help the client find new meaning and purpose in their lives. These therapists work with clients who have a restrictive existence where clients find themselve s stuck within a set of limits that hold them captive. The therapist will use objects such as a mirror to help the client engage with themselve s. In doing this the client will learn how to take responsibil ity for making changes towards a The clients are taught how to take responsibili ty for they are choosing to exist in their world, The client is given a safe place to find freedom from those areas that have kept them psychologi cally captive. The client can learn how to find their identity within themselves and remove the false identity they have placed within people, places, and things. Key concepts for this theory would be living/dyin g, freedom, responsibili ty, choice, isolation, and loving/inti macy. Existential therapy gives the client the right to choose and develop who they desire to be and to become. The client needs to understand they are the experts in therapy and that all tools, skills, and strategies provided are for the client to apply within their daily lives. Existential therapy is not technique- oriented. With this therapy, therapists can use several therapeutic theories cohesively and concurrent ly. Therapists and clients form an alliance where they collaborate on how therapy sessions are to be conducted. This relationshi p needs to be grounded and formed from a place of trust where the client feels safe to disclose their innermost hurts, fears, and struggles. This therapy approach is very useful when working within a multicultura l context. Because it does not focus on one area of counseling. Existential therapy focuses on all of life's values and morals when it comes to helping clients of all cultures. Everyone has the same needs that are a requiremen t for survival and to help them thrive within their environmen t. The focus is on phenomeno logy where the client can see behaviors that are influencing the client's conditioning . A A limita tion could be that existe ntial theor y focus es on the philos ophic al assu mptio n for the client to avoid oppre ssion throu gh self- deter mina tion. Anoth er limita tion is existe ntial thera py is not struct ured, wher e as most client “Existential approaches are rooted in European tradition” (Heidenreich et al., 2021). The existential approach is not from the Western Culture. The existential approach was originated from the German culture as well as the French existentialist.

THEORIES CHART 5 better lifestyle. shortcomin g is that the therapist can be viewed as an individualist who neglects the social factors of the client. They are also viewed as someone who is very rigid regarding racism, discriminati on, and oppression. are seeki ng some form of struct ure from the thera pist. Person- Centered (Corey, 2020) (Heidenreic h et al., 2021) (Heine, 1953) (Tan, 2011) Carl Roger s 1902- 1987 A person- centered therapist is someone who displays an attitude that will help the client feel relaxed, safe, and communiti ve with the therapist. The therapist is present with the client by way of honesty and allowing the client to see the therapist as a human being. The therapist is empathic, and compassio nate, and utilizes active The client's role is to find self- understandi ng and learn how to be responsible for themselves. Another role of the client is to learn how to express fears, shame, and guilt, and to disclose those things they have kept hidden so that they can move forward in their lives. Rogers believes that the attributes of the therapist encourage growth, and independen ce as to develop emotional maturity. Several key attributes of the therapist help the client develop a sense of self. They are congruent with the therapist by being genuine, Unconditio nal positive regard where the therapist is Person- centered therapy does not use specific techniques ’ but focuses on the client as an individual. Person- centered therapy does not focus on diagnosis but rather helps the client and where they are within their current situation. Although the client's diagnosis is not disregarde d altogether Person- centered therapy's main strength is that is open to all cultures that are from diverse populations. This is not only for the Western culture or one specific culture but it is being used all over the world, such as Japan, European countries, and South America. Carl Rogers had a vision to impact the world his vision was global. There are a couple of shortcoming s of this A limita tion of perso n- center ed therap y can be seen as the therap ist being more of a friend instea d of a profes sional . This could be misle ading to the client and produ ce transf erenc e on the part Research on this therapy has focused on the core concepts and conditions. There were forty studies done on empirical evidence have shown that empathy and positive therapeutic outcomes show a positive relationship between the two.

THEORIES CHART 7 inflat ed view of who the client is not. Cognitive Behavioral (Corey, 2020) (Heidenreic h et al., 2021) (Heine, 1953) (Tan, 2011) Christ ine A. Pades ky (b. 1953) The therapist's role is to help clients understan d how they have incorporat ed irrational thoughts such as shoulds, oughts’, and musts. A second step for the therapist is to help the client learn how to maintain emotional balance, by changing their thought process and finding replaceme nts. The client’s role is to work outside of therapy by applying the skills and tools that are offered by the therapist. Also, the client is responsible for completing homework assignment s with little resistance. The client and the therapist will ally and agree about disputing irrational thinking. A collaborativ e relationship between client and therapist, understandi ng that psychologic al distress is a cognitive process. The focus is on changing the cognitive patterns. Being present, and maintaining time focus. The therapist is directive and maintains a strong stance. Addressing target problems. The techniques in behavior therapy are almost all cohesive with slight differences . The goal is for the client to learn how to independe ntly solve problems with the assistance of a strong support network. The techniques that are most utilized are behavioral assessment and operant conditioni ng The strengths of CBT are similar to those in behavior therapy. CBT holds the value of a comprehens ive and versatile engagement in therapy. Another strength is that CBT’s main focus is on the client’s present problems. The internal disparities, and cognitive activities along with the client’s environmen tal conditions are of the utmost concern to the therapist. The weakness of CBT is that the therapy is more concerned with the diagnosis such as depression, anxiety, anger, and relationship Limit ations of this therap y would be that the therap ist avoid s confr ontati on with the client. Anoth er limita tion is that the therap ist needs to use cautio n when challe nging the core belief s of the client. Through recent developments, CBT has basic principles that are connected with specific interventions. And represents a transdiagnostic viewpoint.” Such as the therapist being supervised, trained, and observed in engagement with clients.

THEORIES CHART 8 issues rather than understandi ng the whole person. Another weakness is that CBT uses techniques’ instead of understandi ng and developing a therapeutic relationship. Choice/Re ality (Corey, 2020) (Heidenreic h et al., 2021) (Heine, 1953) (Tan, 2011) Willia m Glasse r (1925- 2013) The therapist's role is to act as a mentor. Meaning they are sitting in a teaching position. Another role of the therapist is to challenge clients without doing an evaluation. The therapist is to assist the client with doing self- reflection and assisting the client in understand ing unwanted behaviors. The client must be willing to revisit the past by talking about any symptoms and understandi ng very little time will be spent in this area. Another responsibili ty of the client would be for them to experience urgency by understandi ng that time in each session is very important. Some key concepts would be the client can control their behavior. The client learns to receive information from the therapist and the therapist recognizes all they can give the client in psychoeduc ation. What has happened in the past does contribute to the present and how the client will work towards their future Choice therapy states that humans are not born blank slates. But have an innate desire for Technique s for CR involve: There are eight steps with this therapy which involve; structuring , confrontati on, contracts, instruction , skillful questionin g, emphasizi ng choice, role- playing support, constructiv e debate, and humor. Technique s are very useful with CR, they are structure- focused and help the client learn and develop a routine of behavior. Strengths of CR include would be the respect given by the therapist regarding the client's cultural worldview. Another strength would be that client can make decisions and develop realistic plans that are in alignment with their culture. An area of weakness would be the environmen tal circumstanc es of the client and the therapist needs to understand that all clients are different and have to Limit ations of CR includ e the lack of infor matio n regar ding the role of the couns eling proce ss. Anoth er limita tion would be in the area of dealin g with dream s where some psych othera pists feel that worki ng with a

THEORIES CHART 10 disclose they have expertise in this area of service. who are using SFT with client s. They may focus on the wron g areas such as follow ing the lead of the client. References: Corey, G. (2020). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy, enhanced . Heidenreich, T., Noyon, A., Worrell, M., & Menzies, R. G. (2021). Existential approaches and cognitive behavior therapy: challenges and potential. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy , 14 (1), 209–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-020-00096-1 Heine, R. (1953). A comparison of patients’ reports on psychotherapeutic experience with psychoanalytic, non-directive, and Adlerian therapists. American Journal of Psychotherapy , 7 (1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1953.7.1.16 Tan, S. (2011). Counseling and psychotherapy: A Christian perspective . Baker Academic.

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