Study-Preparation20Document20(Applying20Developmental20Principles2c20Chapters206-10)

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1 Directions : The 15 questions that follow come directly from the Critical Thinking/Application subsections at the end of Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in your required text. These questions are ordered and labeled sequentially, beginning with Chapter 6 and concluding with Chapter 10. I recommend strongly that you first answer all of these questions on your own before completing the “open - book” Applying Developmental Principles (Chapters 6-10) assignment that appears on the D2L course website under the Quizzes tab. Chapter 6 1. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism (pseudostupidity, imaginary audience, personal or invincibility fable, or apparent hypocrisy) is reflected in each of the following scenarios? a. A 13-year-old girl wears a new outfit to school and expects all of her classmates to compliment her on it. b. On a dare from his friends, a 15-year-old boy jumps as far as he can from top to bottom on the stairs between the first and second floors of his home. c. A 14-year-old girl becomes overly emotional over the fact that her boyfriend smiled innocently and said “Hello” to another girl at the mall. d. A 16-year- old boy smokes cigarettes behind his father’s back, even though he criticizes his dad for chain-smoking. 2. Which stage of moral development (Stage one: Might makes right; Stage two: Looking out for number one; Stage three: Good girl and nice boy; Stage four: Law and order; Stage five: Social contract; or Stage six: Universal ethical principles) applies in each of the following cases? a. A 4-year-old girl does the “right thing” with the expectation that she will receive a tasty snack for doing so. b. An 8-year-old boy, who tells his teacher about how he had helped a classmate who had fallen to the ground during play activities at recess, now hopes that his teacher will verbally praise him for his noble actions. c. After reporting to her teacher about a classmate’s cheating behavior during an exam, a 16-year-old girl resists the temptation to feel guilty about her own “tattle - tale” behavior by reasoning instead that her actions were completely justified because the dishonest classmate was the one who had violated the school’s code of conduct. d. A 3-year- old boy decides not to steal a cookie from his mother’s kitchen cookie jar out of fear that he may get caught and punished by his mother for his actions. e. A 10-year- old girl follows her parents’ rules not because she agrees with these rules, but because following these rules is simply what she is supposed to do.

2 f. A 17-year-old boy volunteers time to charitable organizations in his local community because his internalized sense of morality coincides with the personal value system that helping less-fortunate others is important in life. 3. Which identity status (identity achievement, identity foreclosure, identity diffusion, or identity moratorium) is evident in each of the following examples? a. a disinterested and unmotivated 15-year-old boy who has tried only halfheartedly to participate in numerous school activities, and thus has failed to find a personal comfort zone b. a 14-year-old girl who wants to grow up to be an elite brain surgeon, just like her mother, but has absolutely no understanding of the level of education and preparation that is involved in pursuing this demanding career path c. an 18-year-old male who has just completed high school decides to pack all of his personal belongings into the trunk of his car and travel across the United States in an attempt to “get his head together” about what he wants to do with th e rest of his life d. a 17-year- old female who has adopted the majority of her parents’ values and beliefs about life because she honestly believes that what her parents have taught her is correct; however, she is careful to self-reflectively modify her own value and belief systems so that they are closer to her own and not mere carbon- copies of her parents’ Chapter 7 4. Which personality configuration (Type A, Type B, or Type C) applies in each of the following cases? a. Wilson, a 20-year-old college student, reacts with hostility toward losing a game of pick-up basketball against his roommate’s team. b. Rebecca, a 33-year- old musician, is an easygoing and relaxed person who enjoys life’s simple pleasures. c. Lamar, a 28-year-old business executive, refuses to discuss his emotions and holds his stress inside of him. d. Yasmine is a 34-year-old woman who is extremely motivated to excel in her job, and thus she often grows angry with work associates not possessing her same drive to achieve excellence. 5. Which stage in cognitive development (acquisitive, achieving, responsible, executive, reintegrative, reorganizational, or legacy-creating) is reflected in each of the following examples?

3 a. a 78-year-old woman who wants to leave an indelibly positive mark on her local community b. a 29-year-old man who is working hard and applying what he had learned in college to get ahead in his career c. a 13-year-old girl who completes all of her math assignments in order to earn a high grade in her math class, but has no real concern for how she will use knowledge of math in her future adult life d. a 62-year-old man who is trying his best to find worthwhile ways to replace paid work as he moves closer to retirement. e. a 55-year-old woman who continues to search for tasks that offer her personal meaning in life. f. a 35-year-old man who decides to step back from his career goals to spend more quality time with his growing children g. a 46-year-old woman who expands her concern for others to include more active community involvement 6. Which stage in the family life cycle (honeymoon, nurturing, authority, interpretive, independent, launching, empty nest, or aging families) is reflected in each of the following instances? a. a middle-aged married couple watches as the last of their four children moves away from home b. a married couple has a 5-year-old child whom they spend much of their time supervising and disciplining c. the teenage child of a married couple continually challenges family rules and limits in an active effort to achieve increasing levels of personal freedom d. a young married couple spends most of their days caring for their infant e. a married couple in their forties helps to finance the higher education of their oldest child, who is now entering college as a first-year student, but still has two younger children living at home f. an elderly married man struggles with the recent death of his wife of the past several decades g. newlyweds try to adjust from holding individual identities to establishing a unified identity as a married couple

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4 h. a married couple of a school- age child makes important decisions about their child’s daily life, including allowable play activities, peer relationships, television-viewing habits, and bedtime curfew 7. Which form of love (liking, infatuation, empty love, romantic love, fatuous love, companionate love, or consummate love) is captured in each of the following scenarios? a. A man and woman meet for the very first time and are intensely physically attracted to one another. b. A couple possesses a sustained physical chemistry and a monogamous commitment to one another, yet they do not feel comfortable sharing the intimate details of each other’s life. c. A husband and wife for the past 35 years continue to be committed to one another, but during this time they have lost their passion for one another and their ability to self- disclose to each other in personally meaningful ways. d. A man and woman, who have been dating for some time, share a strong physical bond and meaningful self-disclosure; however, they have yet to decide in their minds if their relationship will withstand the test of time. e. A longstanding, happily married couple maintains a healthy physical bond, a meaningful capacity for self-disclosure, and an unshakable commitment to one another. f. A couple married for the past 25 years, whose children have all recently left home, are still very committed to their relationship, and maintain a meaningful level of open communication with one another, yet they have long ago lost their physical chemistry for each other. g. A man and woman just met this term while taking two college classes together; in the process, they have established a meaningful communicative rapport with one another. Chapter 8 8. Which theory of biological aging (cellular error, free radical, mitochondrial, autoimmune responsiveness, hormonal stress, or programmed senescence) applies in each of the following cases? a. A 73-year-old man has become more susceptible to an intestinal disease because his body is producing fewer antibodies to fight this illness as he continues to age. b. While under prolonged distress, a 78-year- old woman’s body produces elevated level s of adrenaline that weaken her ability to fight off illness.

5 c. An 83-year- old man suffers from cardiovascular disease as a result of his body’s cells failing to provide enough energy for proper functioning. d. A 67-year- old woman’s face shows advanced signs of aging due to the damage caused to her skin cells by unstable oxygen molecules released when these cells metabolize energy. e. A 105-year- old man dies of natural causes in his sleep, resulting from his body cells’ losing their ability to replicate. f. Due to an accumulation of random accidental injury to her body’s cells, an 80 -year-old woman has reached the point in time where her cells are increasingly unable to function efficiently. 9. Which grandparenting style (remote, companionate, or involved relationship) is evident in each of the following scenarios? a. The grandparents of a 3-year- old child often enjoy their granddaughter’s company while playing with her. b. Following their 26-year- old daughter’s divorce in which she and her 2-year-old boy have returned home to live with the daughter’s parents, the grandparents of the young boy have become increasingly responsible for the day-to-day care of their grandson while their daughter both works and attends evening college. c. Other than on major holidays, a 6-year-old girl rarely gets the opportunity to visit her grandparents, who live over 2,000 miles away from the child. Chapter 9 10. Which stage of spiritual faith development (intuitive-projective faith, mystical-literal faith, synthetic conventional faith, individuating-reflexive faith, conjunctive faith, or universalizing faith) applies in each of the following scenarios? a. An 8-year-old girl literally interprets the religious story that her clergy explains to her about a higher power serving as a “father” to her. b. A 19-year- old man looks deeply inside of himself for answers to the questions, “What are my own spiritual convictions?” and “Should I (or how should I) express these convictions publicly?” c. A 49-year-old woman listens courteously and intently to an elderly man telling her about the organized religion that he follows, which is considerably different from the woman’s own chosen religious path. d. A 3-year-old boy imitates, as closely as possible, words of a religious hymn that his mother is reciting to him from a published hymnal book.

6 e. On the insistence of her parents, a 13-year-old girl attends a religious ceremony with all of the members of her family. f. An 86-year-old man willingly accepts the fact that neither he nor anyone else possesses a fully adequate answer to a perplexing life mystery that has been actively debated among theologians for centuries. 11. Which theory of successful aging (activity, disengagement, or continuity) relates to each of the following illustrations? a. A retired woman engages in various behaviors that productively occupy her abundant free time. b. An elderly man appears to enjoy quiet time, spent alone, as compared to socializing with other people. c. A grandfather of three grandchildren approaches his late adult years with the same behavioral and attitudinal patterns that seemed to have worked best for him when he was a younger man. 12. Which personality type (integrated, armored-defended, passive-dependent, or unintegrated) is captured in each of the following examples? a. An 87-year-old man is experiencing scattered thinking and poor control over his emotional expression. b. A 72-year-old woman holds the healthy attitude that her life is too precious and short to become overly rigid and stagnant in her outlook and actions. c. A 69-year-old house pressure-washer who is financially secure clings stubbornly to working such a physically demanding job, even though his family, friends, and even his medical doctor have advised him to retire. d. A 78-year-old woman has lost all interest in the people and events that surround her life. 13. Which phase in the retirement process (pre-retirement, honeymoon, disenchantment, reorientation, stability, or termination) is reflected in each of the following situations? a. A recently retired army colonel begins a new civilian career as a certified public accountant. b. A newly retired schoolteacher feels content about her newfound independence and freedom.

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7 c. A man who has been retired for several years takes stock of his future; in doing so, he decides that he should take up woodworking as a gratifying hobby to fill his free time. d. After initially experiencing contentment early into her retirement, a woman begins to increasingly feel unfulfilled with the direction that her retirement has taken. e. A 20-year- old college student sees his retirement as “so far down the road of life” that he spends virtually no time thinking about or preparing for prospects of the distant future. f. A retiree settles into a comfortable set of life routines yet remains open to any changes that life might offer in the future. 14 . Which of Peck’s psychosocial adjustments in late adulthood (ego differentiation, body transcendence, or ego transcendence) is shown in each of the following cases? a. A 65-year-old ex-athlete whose body is not functioning nearly as efficiently as it had been decades ago, keeps happily engaged in gratifying social relationships. b. A 71-year-old woman places helping others at the forefront of her list of productive life activities. c. Through a combination of travel and various hobbies, a 77-year-old man avoids dwelling on the fact that his former full-time employment duties have ended years ago and his grown children are all long gone from home and living on their own. Chapter 10 15. What stage in Kübler- Ross’ model of dying (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, or acceptance) is linked to each of the following emotional states? a. Why me? b. No, not me. c. Yes me, but … d. Yes me. e. My time is growing closer now, and it is alright.

Study-Preparation20Document20(Applying20Developmental20Principles2c20Chapters206-10)

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