SQ11

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School

University of Manitoba *

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2660

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Psychology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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Uploaded by EarlResolveCheetah321

1. Three components were implemented to improve Amy's movement during restarts during soccer scrimmages  The coach set a goal of 90% correct performance for Amt of movememnt during restarts in practice scrimmages and games.  Amy was informed that the 30 minute practice scrimmages and games against other teams would be videotaped, Amy’s perfromance would be scored from the videotape, and the results of each day’s practice or game would be posted on a daily performance chart that would be located on a picnic table beside the playing field around which water breaks and on-field meetings would be held.  Prior to each practice session or game, Brandilea went over the data with Amy and commended her when goals were met, and encouraged her when they were not 2. Is the public posting procedure likely to involve positive reinforcement, punishment, or both? justify - It is likely to be both. If Amy did well, this will serve as a source of reinforcement as she can see that she is getting better, prompting her to initiate the behaviour more often. If Amy did not do well, it would serve as a punishment, prompting her to perform the behaviour more often 3. Steps Jennifer took to decrease her errors at practices due to her lack of focus. describe what she did before, during, and after practices  Jennifer agreed to use goal setting before practices  key words and mental rehearsal to focus properly during practices  self-monitoring during and after practices 4. Were any of Jennifer's goals outcome goals? justify - Yes, her ratings of the performance of certain jumps can serve as outcome goals 5. What two behaviour consequence occurrences likely maintained improper turns by the swimmers in coach keedwell's swim practices? - Not having to hold their breath for longer, and being able to rest or socialize for a while 6. What two behaviour consequence occurences likely maintained unscheduled touchdowns by the swimmers in coach keedwell's swim practices? - They got to rest more when they stopped midway through, and could also readjust their goggles, or socialize for a while 7. What error correction strategy might be applied to an athlete making errors at practice because of lack of natural reinforcers? - Make available reinforcers contingent upon improved performance and then gradually wean the athlete from extra reinforcers hoping that the natural reinforcer for improved performance may begin to take over

8. When might it be necessary to use multiple-component error correction program to decrease errors? - When the component errors in executing a particular skill are so persistent due to continuous practice of the skill that fixing the component errors must be the main issue 9. From the material in this chapter, describe 3 reasons why beginners might make errors or mistake when executing a previously learned skill  lack of focus  lack of reinforcement for correct performance, and persistent  well learned erros 10. Define mastery criterion and give an example - A guideline such that if it is met, the skill is mastered. For example; (3 consecutive practices with 2 or fewer errors on each of the 6 required laps) 11. Define key words and describe an example - A key word functions as an S^D to prompt particular behaviours ("shoulder entry") 12. Describe the components of the multiple-baseline design across people, as applied with two swimmers.  The first characteristic of the behavioural approach, namely, that empasizes specific measurement of the athletic behaviours and the use of these measures as the primary means for evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions.,  The data clearly demonstrates that for each of the two swimmers, improvement occiured only at the point where the treatment package was used. You will also notice the staggered presentation of the treatment. That is swimmer 1 received treatment for the backstroke during week 6 and 7. 13. The four components of behavioural skills training  Instructions  Modeling  Behavioural rehearsal  Feedback 14. Five recommended guidelines for using videotaped replays for decreasing errors and improving skilled performance  identification of a specific component of a skill for improvement  prompt athelte about specific environmental cues and body positions to attend to while observing the replay  have a comparison ready that depicts the correct execution of a skill  have the athlete immediately practice the correct form of a skill after watching a replay and videotape it as well to provide feedback

 and give videotaped feedback on several corrective attempts at performing a skill with a persistent error within a practice, and repeat it across several practices in a row 15. The behavioural treatment involving the freeze technique appears to involve several behavioural principles. How were each of these principles involved? - Punishment was involved when the players incorrectly blocked, and the blocker had to hold his physical position 16. What may be the limitation of the freeze technique? use an example - When momentum is too great to freeze such as in downhill skiing 17. list 5 behavioural components that appear to be included in the old-way/new-way error correction technique  instruction regarding correct and incorrect techniques  awareness training to distinguish between right and wrong form  use key words to prompt the correct behaviour  practicing correct technique with an approximation of a mastery criterion  and receiving videotaped feedback on each attempt

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