Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in females

1 Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in females Name Instructor Course Date

2 Senses Brain Area Modulator/Hormone Techniques Olfaction Olfactory cortex Oxytocin Electrophysiology Auditory Auditory cortex oxytocin Electrophysiology Somatosensory Somatosensory cortex Testosterone Behavior Cornerstones van Steenwyk, G., Roszkowski, M., Manuella, F., Franklin, T. B., & Mansuy, I. M. (2018). Transgenerational inheritance of behavioral and metabolic effects of paternal exposure to traumatic stress in early postnatal life: evidence in the 4th generation. Environmental epigenetics , 4 (2), dvy023. Cornerstones Experiments 1. Depressive behaviors are transmitted to offspring. 2. Risk-taking is transmitted to the fourth generation 3. Trauma has generational effects 1. Animal models 2. mouse model of paternal postnatal trauma 3. Human models Cornerstones Exiting Findings 1. Depressive behaviors are transmitted to offspring. 2. Risk-taking is transmitted to the fourth generation 3. Trauma has generational effects Adverse conditions in early childhood can have generational impacts. Dias, B. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2014). Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations. Nature Neuroscience , 17 (1), 89-96. Cornerstones Experiments 1. Organisms need to respond to environmental stimuli for survival 2. Olfactory stimulation in the F0 generation is linked to sperm 3. Behavioral sensitivity to odors is linked to olfactory topology in bulb 1. Olfactory molecular specificity 2. Olfactory fear conditioning 3. Behavioral sensitivity Cornerstones Exiting findings

4 1. Trauma leaves a chemical mark on an individual’s genes 2. RNAs can sense environmental conditions 3. Trauma can reverberate through families Environmental conditions can influence changes in an individual’s genetic structure

5 References Carey, B. (2018). Can We Really Inherit Trauma? New York Times. Dias, B. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2014). Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations. Nature Neuroscience , 17 (1), 89-96. Klengel, T., Dias, B. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2016). Models of intergenerational and transgenerational transmission of risk for psychopathology in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology , 41 (1), 219-231. van Steenwyk, G., Roszkowski, M., Manuella, F., Franklin, T. B., & Mansuy, I. M. (2018). Transgenerational inheritance of behavioral and metabolic effects of paternal exposure to traumatic stress in early postnatal life: evidence in the 4th generation. Environmental epigenetics , 4 (2), dvy023.