Florida Civic Literacy Student Resource

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Eastern Florida State College *

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1002 40C

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Political Science

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Feb 20, 2024

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Florida Civic Literacy Student Resource/Study Packet This is a study guide that includes exam topics and sample questions on the content that is covered on the Florida Civic Literacy Exam. It is very large. Its purpose is for you to be able to have a resource that you can take away from this class that will assist you in preparing for the exam along with any other resources from the class that you retain. SHOULD YOU CHOOSE TO COMPLETE THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE PORTION AND ONLY MULTIPLE-CHOICE PORTION OF THE ATTACHED PACKET AND SUBMIT IT TO THE ASSIGNED DROP BOX ON CANVAS BY LISTED DUE DATE, YOU WILL RECEIVE EXTRA CREDIT IN THE CLASS. SUBMISSIONS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED AFTER THE DUE DATE AND TIME, NO EXCEPTIONS. I WILL NOT GIVE PARTIAL CREDIT. ALL OF THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED OR YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE ANY CREDIT. POS-2041 American National Government Professor Haman Sections: 1. Florida Civic Literacy Exam Topics 2. Sample Multiple choice questions.

1. Florida Civic Literacy Exam Topics. 1. Explain the influence of ancient Greece on America’s constitutional republic (e.g., civic participation, legislative bodies, polis, voting rights, written constitution). 2. Explain the influence of ancient Rome on America’s constitutional republic (e.g., civic participation, republicanism, representative government, rule of law, separation of powers). 3. Identify and describe the Enlightenment ideas of separation of powers, natural law and social contract. 4. Examine how Enlightenment ideas influenced the Founders’ beliefs about individual liberties and government. 5. Evaluate the influence of Montesquieu’s and Locke’s ideas on the Founding Fathers. 6. Understand that national sovereignty, due process of law, natural law, self-evident truth, equality of all persons, limited government, popular sovereignty, and unalienable rights of life, liberty and property form the philosophical foundation of our government. 7. Recognize the influence of the Judeo-Christian tradition, republicanism, the English Constitution and common Law, and the European Enlightenment in establishing the organic laws of the United States in primary documents: Magna Carta (1215); the Mayflower Compact (1620); the English Bill of Rights (1689); Common Sense (1776); Declaration of Independence (1776); the Constitution of Massachusetts (1780); the Articles of Confederation (1781); U.S. Constitution (1789). 8. Identify the weaknesses of the government under the Articles of Confederation, Congress had no power to tax, to regulate trade or to enforce its laws; the national government lacked a national court system [judicial branch] and central leadership [executive branch]; no national armed forces; and changes to the Articles required unanimous consent of the 13 states. 9. Describe compromises made during the Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Electoral College. 10. Explain the concept of limited government in the U.S. Constitution. 11. Examine the constitutional principles of representative government, limited government, consent of the governed, rule of law, and individual rights. 12. Differentiate between republicanism and democracy and discuss how the United States reflects both. 13. Differentiate among the founding documents and determine how each one was individually significant to the founding of the United States, documents include, but are not limited to, the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers (No. 10. No. 14, No. 31, No. 39, No. 51) and the U.S. Constitution. 14. Examine the Northwest Ordinances of 1784, 1785, 1787. 15. Identify key individuals who contributed to the founding documents: Thomas Jefferson,

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, George Mason. 16. Understand that the Federalist Papers argued for a federal system of government, separation of powers and a representative form of government that is accountable to its citizens. 17. Analyze Federalist and Anti-Federalist arguments concerning ratification of the U.S. Constitution and inclusion of a bill of rights. 18. Examine the role the Great Compromise had on the eventual establishment of a federal system of fifty equal states. 19. Examine the preamble to the United States Constitution. 20. Examine Article 1 of the Constitution. 21. Examine the Expressed/Enumerated/Delegated/Implied Powers. 22. Examine the Commerce Clause and The Necessary and Proper Clause. 23. Examine Article 2 of the Constitution. 24. Examine Article 3 of the Constitution. 25. Describe and distinguish between separation of powers and checks and balances. 26. Analyze how government power is limited by separation of powers and/or checks and balances. 27. Examine the role of the judicial branch in terms of its relationship with the legislative and executive branches of the government. 28. Describe the role of the Supreme Court and lesser federal courts. 29. Describe the powers delegated to the courts by Article III including, but not limited to, treason, jurisdiction and trial by jury. 30. Examine Article 4 of the Constitution, The Full faith and Credit Clause and the admittance of new states. 31. Examine Article 5 of the Constitution. 32. Examine the methods used to propose and ratify amendments to the U.S. Constitution. 33. Examine Article 6 and The Supremacy Clause. 34. Examine Article 7 of the Constitution. 35. Identify the individual rights protected by the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights and other constitutional amendments. 36. Explain the role founding documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, had on setting precedent for the future granting of rights. 37. Examine Federalism and identify its advantages and disadvantages. 38. Identify specific rights that are granted to the states in the language of the U.S. Constitution and its amendments (e.g., 10th Amendment, defense and extradition). 39. Identify examples of the powers reserved and shared among state and the national governments in the American federal system of government. 40. Examine the 14th, 15th, 19th, 25th and 26th amendments 41. Identify historical examples of government-imposed restrictions on rights (e.g., suspension of habeas corpus, rationing during wartime and limitations on speech). 42. Examine the Emoluments Clause, Due Process Clause, Equal Protection Clause, First Amendment Clauses. 43. Identify the different primary formats and how political parties nominate candidates using primaries. 44. Compare and contrast the different ways in which elections are decided (e.g., Electoral College, proportional representation, popular vote, winner-take-all). 45. Describe the different methods used to tabulate election results in state and national elections (i.e., electronic voting, punch cards, fill-in ballots). 46. Explain trends in voter turnout and discuss attempts to increase voter turnout (e.g., get out the vote campaigns, social movements).

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47. Explain how governmental action has affected voter participation (e.g., 15th, 19th and 26th Amendments; Jim Crow laws; poll tax; efforts to suppress voters). 48. Explain how different groups of people; African Americans, immigrants, Native Americans, women had their civil rights expanded through legislative action; Voting Rights Act, Civil Rights Act; executive action; Truman’s desegregation of the army, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. 49. Examine the foundational constitutional issues underlying landmark Supreme Court decisions: Marbury v. Madison; McCulloch v. Maryland; Dred Scott v. Sandford; Plessy v. Ferguson; Brown v. Board of Education; Gideon v. Wainwright; Miranda v. Arizona; Korematsu v. United States; Mapp v. Ohio; In re Gault; United States v. Nixon; Regents of the University of California v. Bakke; Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier; District of Columbia v. Heller; Schenk v U.S; Baker v Car; Engel v Vitale; Tinker v Des Moines; New York Times v United States; Wisconsin v Yoder; Roe V Wade; Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier; Texas v Johnson; Shaw v Reno; U.S v Lopez; Bush v Gore; McDonald v Chicago; Citizens United v FEC. 50. Examine landmark legislation: the Compromise of 1850; Kansas-Nebraska Act of1854; Homestead Act of 1862; Pendleton Act of 1883; Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798; USA PATRIOT Act of2001; Great Society-related acts; New Deal-related acts; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010; Clean Air Act of 1970; Tonkin Gulf Resolution of 1964. 51. Examine landmark Executive Actions: Treaty of Paris of 1898; Louisiana Purchase of 1803; Adams-Onis Treaty of 1821; Japanese-American internment; enforcement of civil rights-related Supreme Court decisions; military desegregation; affirmative action; advocacy for various programs and reforms particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries; presidential war powers.

2. Sample Multiple choice questions. 1. Why did the Founding Fathers separate the power to make, enforce, and interpret laws between different branches of government? A. to prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful B. to make the national government more efficient C. to increase the power of the presidency D. to ensure Congress would act according to the will of the people 2. What pamphlet denounced British rule and fanned the flames of revolution? A. Magna Carta B. Two Treatises of Government C. Mayflower Compact D. Common Sense 3. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “THE HORRID MASSACRE IN BOSTON, Perpetrated in the evening of the fifth day of March, 1770, by soldiers of the Twenty-ninth Regiment, which with the Fourteenth Regiment were then quartered there; with some observations on the state of things prior to that catastrophe.” —anonymous account, A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre in Boston, 1770 Who most likely wrote this passage and for what reason? A. a Redcoat, to describe the risks faced by soldiers B. a Patriot, to raise fears about the British army in the colonies C. a Loyalist, to gain support for quartering British troops D. an eyewitness, to promote nonviolent protest 4. What is the most likely reason it was difficult to pass laws under the Articles of Confederation ? A. Passage required a unanimous vote of the 13 states. B. Passage required the votes of 9 of the 13 states. C. The government did not have a legislature. D. Americans were content to follow British laws. 5. The Preamble of the Constitution lists six goals, including which of the following?

A. to separate from Britain B. to form a more perfect union C. to decide who can be a Supreme Court justice D. to decrease the power of the federal government 6. Use the information below to answer the question. Speaker 1: “We can’t ratify the Constitution. It has no bill of rights!” Speaker 2: “I think the states should have more power.” Speaker 3: “We just fought for liberty. Why submit to a new tyrant?” Who are the speakers and what are they afraid of? A. Patriots; ineffective government B. Federalists; the loss of liberty C. Antifederalists; a strong national government D. Loyalists; the loss of property rights 8. What is meant by “the rule of law”? A. the idea that people are the source of government power B. the idea that all people, including rulers and leaders, must obey the law C. the theory that power should be divided among three branches of government D. the power of the courts to interpret the Constitution and other laws 9. A court decides that the First Amendment permits a journalist to write an article on something the government wants to keep secret. What type of law was most involved in the decision? A. constitutional law B. common law C. statutory law D. administrative law 10. How does registering to vote fulfill a responsibility of U. S citizenship? A. Registering to vote communicates your opinions to your representatives. B. Registering to vote makes you eligible to be called for jury duty. C. Without registering, you cannot express your political views through voting. D. Without registering, you cannot give money to a political campaign. 11. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

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—excerpt from the U.S. Constitution, Amendment IX Which statement most accurately explains the significance of the excerpt? A. Congress must approve any rights not listed in the Constitution before they are granted to the people. B. Despite only granting certain rights, the Constitution does not deny other rights. C. People have only the rights granted in the Constitution. D. People have only the rights granted in the Ninth Amendment. 12. How does the Twenty-second Amendment protect individual rights? A. By defining citizenship, it declares that all citizens have the same rights. B. By granting women the right to vote, it ensures that women have a say in government. C. By imposing presidential term limits, it prevents one president from gaining too much power. D. By requiring the direct election of senators, it protects the principle of direct representation. 13. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bill of Rights? A. to explain the procedure for amending the Constitution B. to guarantee freedoms that belong to every citizen C. to inspire the governments of other nations D. to limit the rights of individual citizens 14. How does the Fifth Amendment protect an individual’s right to own property? A. by guaranteeing every citizen the right to apply for a home loan B. by preventing a police search of private property without a warrant C. by preventing the government from taking private property without fair payment D. by prohibiting the quartering of soldiers without permission 15. To what age did the Twenty-sixth Amendment lower the voting age? A. 16 B. 18 C. 21 D. 25 16. How did the Twenty-fourth Amendment allow more Americans to vote? A. It changed voting laws, which meant that non-U.S. citizens were able to vote. B. It outlawed poll taxes, which many states used to prevent poor Americans from voting. C. It prevented grandfather clauses, which many states used to prevent women from voting. D. It required literacy tests, which meant that Americans became better educated about voting. 17. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “It is emphatically [definitely] the province [role] and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is. . .. If two laws conflict with each other, the Courts must decide on the operation of each.”

—Chief Justice John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, 1803 According to the Supreme Court, which branch of government has the power and responsibility to interpret the law? A. executive B. judicial C. legislative D. state legislature 18. Which is the correct description of a party platform? A. It is a place where political candidates make speeches. B. It is a statement that outlines views on issues. C. It is determined by means of a primary election. D. It is held after the nominating convention. 19. Which question would a U.S. citizen want to ask to determine whether a lobbyist is working on behalf of the public interest? A. Has the lobbyist worked as a public official before? B. How long has the person been a lobbyist? C. How much is the lobbyist being paid? D. What organization hired the lobbyist? 20. Which is a main purpose of public opinion polls? A. analyzing citizen support for a law B. getting a law passed C. interpreting a newly passed law D. opposing a law 21. Which debate during the Constitutional Convention is most related to recent controversy over the USA PATRIOT Act? A. distributing power between the state and national governments B. ensuring popular sovereignty C. guaranteeing individual rights D. having a unicameral or bicameral legislature 22. Which of the following issues would most likely be a foreign policy matter? A. balancing the federal budget B. negotiating a treaty with Mexico C. raising the retirement age for Social Security D. revising neighborhood zoning restrictions 23. Which of the following comparisons is correct?

A. Direct democracies have always been more common than oligarchies. B. An autocracy might be a monarchy or a dictatorship. C. In a theocracy, the people have more power than they do in a representative democracy. D. Socialism and direct democracy are often combined in the same government. 24. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “. . . shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States . . . to borrow Money . . . to regulate Commerce . . . to coin Money . . .” —U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8 To which branch of the government does the quotation refer? A. judicial B. presidential C. legislative D. executive 25. What term refers to redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular political party? A. gerrymandering B. censure C. impeachment D. apportionment 26. Use the diagram below to answer the question. The diagram summarizes part of the process of how a bill becomes a federal law. Which sentence correctly fills in the second box? A. The bill is assigned to a subcommittee. B. The president submits his or her recommendations for improvement. C. Amendments are added to make the two bills identical. D. A conference committee merges the two bills. President signs, vetoes, or ignores the bill. House and Senate vote on the revised bill. Each house passes a version of a bill.

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27. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “The way to have good and safe government is not to trust it all to one, but to divide it among the many, distributing to everyone exactly the functions in which he is competent.” —Thomas Jefferson, letter to Joseph C. Cabell, 1816 How does this quote support the idea of different obligations for state and local governments? A. State governments are more reliable than local governments for providing a city with services. B. Different levels of government can provide the same services equally well. C. Local governments can offer a wider range of services to people living nearby. D. Different levels of government can provide separate services more easily and efficiently. 28. Which of the following was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation ? A. The government did not have a separate judicial branch. B. The states could not print their own currency. C. The president was able to spend taxes freely. D. The government had too much power over trade. 29. How did the U.S. Constitution address the problem under the Articles of Confederation that Congress had no power to ensure its laws were followed by the states? A. It created an executive branch to enforce laws. B. It gave each state sovereign authority over its laws. C. It required the president to resolve disputes between states. D. It required unanimous consent of states to create new laws. 30. The passage below is from Federalist 51 , written by James Madison in 1788. “… the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places. ” Which constitutional principle does Madison describe in the passage? A. Popular sovereignty B. Judicial review C. Checks and balances D. Separation of powers

31. Which viewpoint was common among Anti-Federalists? A. There is no need for a separate Bill of Rights. B. The Constitution does not give enough power to the states. C. The Constitution will not strengthen the government. D. A strong national government will protect the people in times of crisis. 32. What is a government that is run by the people, either directly or indirectly? A. Democracy B. Oligarchy C. Autocracy D. Communism 33. What is the term used in the Fourteenth Amendment to describe persons who are born or naturalized in the United States? A. Aliens B. Citizens C. Immigrants D. Residents 34. Which situation does NOT involve a right protected by the Bill of Rights? A. Freedom to publish opinions in the local newspaper B. The ability to own a gun C. The guarantee of a well-paying job D. Freedom to join the church of choice 35. Peter Brown has lived in his home since he was a child. Now the Department of Parks and Recreation wants to tear down his neighborhood to build a park. A government official comes to visit Peter and offers to buy the house from him. Peter refuses. The official says that the government will now seize the property under the constitutional power of "eminent domain." According to the U.S. Constitution, under what circumstances would Peter win his fight to keep his home? A. If Peter could prove that he had paid the full price of the house already B. If Peter was born as a citizen of the United States, not a naturalized citizen or resident C. If the government did not make a reasonable effort to build the park in an uninhabited area D. If the government did not offer him fair market price for his home 36. A more informed society has resulted from which constitutional protection? A. Trial by jury B. Free speech C. Right to bear arms

D. Due process 37. What happened in American schools after the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education? A. States could continue segregation if facilities were separate but equal. B. Individuals of different races voluntarily stopped all forms of school segregation. C. The federal government ordered states desegregate classes. D. Desegregation was ordered for only high schools. 38. Following the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona, police began informing people placed under arrest that they "have the right to remain silent." What basic freedom is this meant to protect, and how does it affect arrested individuals? A. The right to freedom of speech; it provides them with the ability to speak to their attorneys without fear of incrimination. B. The protection against self-incrimination; it informs them that speaking to law enforcement could incriminate them. C. The protection of due process; it prevents convicted offenders from receiving cruel and unusual punishments. D. The right to freedom of assembly; it prevents law enforcement from asking them questions without the presence of an attorney 39. James Madison wrote that “liberty is to faction what air is to fire.” After reading this, Tabitha points out that the Founders would have wanted more restrictions on lobbyists, special-interest groups, and media influencing the government. What would be a good counterargument? A. Elected officials are better able to measure public opinion if there are no interfering factions. B. Lobbyists will balance one another in government influence if they are subject to fewer laws. C. Political ads, despite their biases, are best able to inform citizens when there are no regulations. D. The media, despite its biases, are best able to monitor the government when they are free. 40. What is the term for a type of government in which one person possesses unlimited power? A. Socialism B. Communism C. Democracy D. Autocracy 41. Who has the most power in a unitary system? A. Central government B. Local government C. State government D. Regional government 42. How are the responsibilities of the legislative and executive branches of government different when it comes to treaties?

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A. U.S. Senate proposes treaties; the president carries out foreign treaties. B. U.S. Senate negotiates foreign treaties; the president approves treaties. C. U.S. Senate carries out foreign treaties; the president proposes treaties. D. U.S. Senate ratifies treaties; the president negotiates foreign treaties. 43. Which of the following accurately describes one way an amendment to the U.S. Constitution may be proposed? A. Two-thirds of each house of Congress votes to propose. B. Two-thirds of citizens nationwide vote to propose. C. Three-fourths of state legislatures vote to propose. D. Three-fourths of each house of Congress votes to propose. 44. Why is a formal amendment process important? A. To prevent the Supreme Court from being eliminated B. To keep some states from being too powerful C. To allow the Constitution to be adjusted as times change D. To give the president a role in changing the government 45. Which of the following is a power of the executive branch? A. Appoints federal judges B. Declares acts of Congress unconstitutional C. Ratifies treaties D. Impeaches and removes judges 46. Which service is performed by local government? A. Delivering mail B. Granting teacher certificates C. Minting quarters D. Providing fire protection 47. How did the English Bill of Rights influence delegates to the Constitutional Convention? A. It was submitted as a model for the new constitution. B. It spelled out the proper role for the legislative branch as the representative of the people. C. It had established several rights that the delegates wished to guarantee in the new constitution. D. It was the first document to limit the power of the monarch. 48. Why were colonists outraged by taxes imposed by the British government? A. because they were denied trials by a jury of their peers

B. because they had no representation in Parliament C. because they made British paper products less expensive D. because they had to house British soldiers 49. Why did Antifederalists want a bill of rights in the Constitution? A. to list their rights B. to protect their rights C. to prevent ratification of the Constitution D. to argue with Federalists 50. Use the information below to answer the question. “Army General Sentenced to Three Years for Killing Civilians” “Former Senator Convicted of Money Laundering” “Local Sheriff Arrested for Drunk Driving” 51. Which constitutional principle is best expressed by these headlines? A. individual rights B. majority rule C. rule of law D. minority rights 52. Which of the following best defines the term citizen? A. an individual who exercises political authority over a group of people B. an individual who vote in elections C. a legally recognized member of a country D. a person who is loyal to and proud of his or her country 53. Why is attending school considered a civic duty? A. Educated citizens are vital to the success of our democracy. B. The more education a person has, the more money he or she is likely to earn. C. School districts depend on having a certain number of students. D. Today’s high-tech society needs educated employees. 54. Which age group has the lowest voter turnout? A. 18 to 24 years B. 25 to 44 years C. 45 to 64 years

D. 65 to 74 years 55. Which amendment protects Americans from unreasonable searches and seizures? A. First Amendment B. Fourth Amendment C. Sixth Amendment D. Thirteenth Amendment 56. The First Amendment protects freedom of speech, but there are some limits to free-speech rights. Why are some forms of speech not protected? A. because they are expressed in writing B. because they could cause physical harm to others C. because they criticize the government D. because they support different religious views 57. How does the Seventeenth Amendment protect individual rights? A. By defining citizenship, it declares that all citizens have the same rights. B. By granting women the right to vote, it ensures that women have a say in government. C. By imposing presidential term limits, it prevents one president from gaining too much power. D. By requiring the direct election of senators, it protects the principle of direct representation. 58. Which of the following explains why freedom of the press is vital to democracy? A. Freedom of the press allows newspapers to print anything they want. B. Freedom of the press allows people to express opinions about government. C. Without freedom of the press, the government would be a dictatorship. D. Without freedom of the press, there would be few news outlets. 58. Which amendment to the Constitution might the U.S. Supreme Court have relied on when it struck down the death penalty for minors? A. First Amendment B. Fifth Amendment C. Eighth Amendment D. Ninth Amendment 60.Use the quotation below to answer the question. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” —excerpt from the U.S. Constitution To which group did this amendment grant the right to vote? A. African Americans B. land-owning men

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C. Native Americans D. women 61. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “This case has shown that punch card balloting machines can produce an unfortunate number of ballots which are not punched in a clean, complete way by the voter. After the current counting, it is likely legislative bodies nationwide will examine ways to improve the mechanisms and machinery for voting.” —Bush v. Gore, 2000 How did the Supreme Court expect Bush v. Gore to affect voting practices in the United States? A. Fewer people would turn out to vote. B. More people would sign up for absentee ballots. C. More states would use punch card balloting. D. States would improve voting methods. 62. What would be the most effective way for a special-interest group to try to influence the outcome of a presidential election? A. to conduct a public opinion poll B. to hire a lobbyist C. to hold a primary election D. to run television advertisements 63. Which of the following systems proposes that society should organize and control the means of production for the welfare of all? A. communism B. monarchy C. socialism D. direct democracy 64. Of the following, what is one thing that both the federal government and state governments are allowed by law to do? A. raise armies B. negotiate treaties C. collect taxes D. administer elections 65. What are the three main levels of federal courts?

A. district courts, courts of appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court B. city courts, state courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court C. mayor’s court, city court, and federal court D. district courts, magistrate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court 66. Which Enlightenment thinker argued that all people were born equal and had natural rights to life, liberty, and property? A. Jean-Jacques Rousseau B. Baron de Montesquieu C. Thomas Hobbes D. John Locke According to the Declaration of Independence , what is the main purpose of government? A. to provide for common defense and promote the general welfare B. to create a strong national government C. to protect the interests of the states D. to protect citizens’ rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness 67. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity [future generations], do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” —excerpt from the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution What does the phrase “to ourselves and our Posterity” suggest about the Founding Fathers’ goals? A. They wanted to create a lasting government that future Americans would benefit from. B. They were willing to sacrifice their liberty for the benefit of their children. C. They aimed to create a strong government, independent of the will of the people. D. They wanted to create a social contract that future Americans could not break. 68.What did Federalists and Antifederalists disagree about most strongly? A. a strong national government B. creating a system of checks and balances C. protecting individual liberties D. increasing the power of the confederation

69. Use the quotations below to answer the question. “Where-ever law ends, tyranny begins.” —John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 “That in America THE LAW IS KING. For as in absolute governments the King is law, so in free countries the law ought to be King; and there ought to be no other.” —Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Which conclusion about the rule of law is best supported by these quotations? A. The rule of law leads to tyranny. B. Freedom and the rule of law cannot exist together. C. People in positions of power must enact fair laws. D. The rule of law is necessary for limited government. 70. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury. ” —excerpt from the U.S. Constitution Which amendment is this quotation from? A. First Amendment B. Fourth Amendment C. Sixth Amendment D. Thirteenth Amendment 71. How does the Fourteenth Amendment protect individual rights? A. By defining citizenship, it declares that all citizens have the same rights. B. By granting women the right to vote, it ensures that women have a say in government. C. By imposing presidential term limits, it prevents one president from gaining too much power. D. By requiring the direct election of senators, it protects the principle of direct representation. 72. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “In practically all jurisdictions, there are rights granted to adults which are withheld from juveniles. . .. Under our Constitution, the condition of being a boy [or girl] does not justify a kangaroo court [an unfair trial].” —Justice Abe Fortas, In re Gault, 1967

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According to the Supreme Court, why should juveniles have the same right to a fair trial that adults have? A. Being a child is not a good enough reason to deny them this right. B. Juveniles should not be tried for their crimes at all. C. Since they are denied other rights, they deserve this one. D. The U.S. Constitution does not protect juvenile delinquents. 73. What is the term for powers shared by both state and federal governments? A. declared powers B. concurrent powers C. relegated powers D. representative powers 74. What does it mean to ratify an amendment to the Constitution? A. revise it B. approve it C. reject it D. send it to a committee 75.Use the quotation below to answer the question. “To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” —excerpt from the Declaration of Independence Which Enlightenment idea is expressed in this statement? A. Baron de Montesquieu’s theory of separation of power B. John Locke’s idea of the social contract C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s theory of divine right D. James Madison’s view of individual liberty 76. In what way does the power of judicial review act as a check? A. Courts can declare presidential acts unconstitutional. B. Courts can declare congressional acts unconstitutional. C. Courts can declare presidential and congressional acts unconstitutional. D. Courts can review acts of other courts. 77. Which of the following are all U.S. citizens required to do? A. serve on a jury B. perform community service C. volunteer for a campaign D. vote in an election

78. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” —excerpt from the U.S. Constitution Which amendment is this quotation from? A. First Amendment B. Fourth Amendment C. Sixth Amendment D. Thirteenth Amendment 79. How do the Ninth and Tenth amendments limit the power of the federal government? A. by listing specific rights that belong to the states B. by listing specific rights that belong to the people C. by preventing the federal government from changing the Constitution D. by reserving rights not granted to the federal government for the states and people 80. What happened as a result of the Thirteenth Amendment? A. African Americans got the right to vote. B. All citizens were guaranteed equal protection under the law. C. The right to own slaves was extended for 20 years. D. Slavery was outlawed in all states and U.S. territories. 81. According to the Fifteenth Amendment, on what basis could citizens no longer be denied the right to vote? A. on the basis of employment B. on the basis of gender C. on the basis of race or color D. on the basis of religion

82. Use the quotation below to answer the question. “But as the plan of the [Constitutional] convention aims only at a partial union or consolidation, the State governments would clearly retain all the rights of sovereignty which they before had, and which were not, by that act, EXCLUSIVELY delegated to the United States.” —Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Paper No. 32 What form of government is being described? A. confederal B. unitary C. parliamentary D. federal 83. The Vice President serves as President if the President dies, leaves office, or is unable to fulfill his or her duties. What other job of the Vice President is defined in the Constitution? A. presiding over the Senate B. attending funerals in foreign countries C. representing Washington, D.C., in the Senate D. negotiating treaties 84. Which of the following is true of the constitutional amendment process? A. Three-fourths of the states must ratify proposed amendments. B. The easy process has allowed hundreds of amendments to be approved. C. State conventions must vote to ratify amendments. D. Over half of the original amendments have been repealed. 85. What was the major impact of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th and 26th amendment to the U.S. Constitution? A. They decreased minority participation in the political process. B. They decreased minority participation in social movements. C. They increased minority participation in the political process. D. They increased minority participation in the military. 86. What U.S. Supreme Court decision could high school students use to defend their right to wear t- shirts with a skull-and-bones design on campus?

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A. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) B. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) C. Texas v. Johnson (1989) D. Bush v. Gore (2000) 87. Which of the following has NOT occurred because of the decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)? A. The U.S. Supreme Court has played a key role in interpreting the U.S. Constitution. B. A constitutional amendment was ratified that specifically defined "judicial review." C. A law can be thrown out if it violates the U.S. Constitution. D. The concept of checks and balances was upheld. 88.Which U.S. Supreme Court decision could cause confessions to be thrown out as evidence? A. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) B. Marbury v. Yoder (1803) C. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) D. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 89. What lessons did future U.S. leaders learn from the 1974 U.S Supreme Court case United States v. Nixon? A. The president is accountable for obeying the law. B. The president is responsible for enforcing the law. C. The president is not allowed to hold secret talks with foreign governments. D. The president is not allowed to have private meetings with cabinet members. 90. When the U.S. Supreme Court decides a case, how is their opinion on the case determined? A. by a unanimous vote B. by a two-thirds vote C. by a three-fourths vote D. by a simple majority vote 91. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? A. We the People B. The United States C. We are free D. No more King 92. Who makes federal laws? A. Congress

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B. The Nation's Governors C. The Executive Branch D. The Supreme Court 93. Which of the following ancient civilizations established a republican form of government? A. Roman B. Egyptian C. Greek D. Persian 94. During the 6th century B.C.E., the ancient Athenians divided the powers of their government between two assemblies and guaranteed certain political rights to all male citizens. How do these political reforms best illustrate how societies develop? A. by limiting government authority B. by choosing government leaders C. by improving government services D. by reducing government expenditures 95. Which modern democratic concept practiced in the United States is most like the democratic process of ancient Greece? A. the referendum B. the presidential election C. the primary election D. the nominating convention 96. What is the principal function of a written constitution? A. resolving disagreements between competing parties B. confirming resistance to civil disobedience C. declaring the independence of a state D. outlining the structure and powers of a government 97. Laws against defamation, including libel and slander, property damage and breach of contract represent which legal concern underlying most Western nations? A. criminal law B. military law C. civil law D. juvenile law

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98. Which form of government is based on popular sovereignty? A. communism B. dictatorship C. monarchy D. republic 99. Use the provided Preamble to the United States Constitution to answer the question. “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” Which of the following statements best describes the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution? A. Governments are accountable to the citizens over whom they rule. B. States will ensure that all citizens are granted certain freedoms. C. People allow representatives to speak on behalf of all citizens. D. Courts will elect officials to represent the people and ensure liberty. 100. In the United States, which of the following is permitted to citizens by the right of freedom of assembly? A. the right to demonstrate B. the right to riot C. the right to immigrate D. the right to work 101. Which article of the U.S. Constitution grants the power to coin money, make treaties, and levy import duties? A. Article I B. Article II C. Article III D. Article IV 102. Which phrase best describes the power of impeachment? A. the ability of the U.S. House to charge federal officers with a crime or violation B. the ability of the U.S. Supreme Court to determine constitutionality of laws C. the power of the U.S. Senate to remove federal officers for a crime or violation D. the power of the U.S. President to enforce decisions of federal courts 103. In the Mayflower Compact, Plymouth settlers pledged to unite into "a civil body

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politic" and agreed to make and abide by laws that "insured the general Good of the Colony." What founding document did this set a precedent for? A. Declaration of Independence B. U.S. Constitution C. Magna Carta D. Bill of Rights 104. Who is considered the principal author of the U.S. Constitution? A. Thomas Jefferson B. Richard Henry Lee C. Benjamin Franklin D. James Madison 105. Use the excerpt below, from the Thirteenth Amendment, to answer the question that follows. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Which of the following contains a clause that may have served as an inspiration for the above language? A. Declaration of Independence B. Articles of Confederation C. Northwest Ordinances D. Federalist Papers 106. The Mayflower Compact includes a pledge to ensure that all citizens look out for the general good of the colony. Based on this, what impact has the Mayflower Compact had on modern understanding of the purpose of government in the United States? A. The government should protect the property of influential citizens. B. The government should provide equal protection under the law. C. The government should advance the goals of the elite. D. The government should establish religious unity. 107. At the Constitutional Convention, there was a major debate between large states and small states about representation in the new Congress. This debate was resolved by the Great Compromise. What was the result of this compromise? A. The number of citizens in a state would determine how many seats that state had in Congress, but slaves and other noncitizens would not be counted for this purpose. B. Congress would have two houses, one in which state representation was based on population and one in which all states had equal representation. C. The number of seats each state would have in both houses of Congress would be based on the state's population.

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D. Congress would be made up of two houses in which all states had an equal number of representatives in each house. 108. Which legislation reflects federal efforts to regulate transportation? A. Interstate Commerce Act B. Sherman Anti-Trust Act C. Blank-Allison Act D. Pendleton Act 109. The U.S. Supreme Court enabled which government practices to continue in its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson? A. Prohibiting monopoly formation. B. Segregating public facilities. C. Establishing immigration quotas. D. Regulating financial markets. 110. Which of the following statements regarding the Monroe Doctrine is accurate? A. The Monroe Doctrine prohibited future European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. B. Debates over the Monroe Doctrine heightened sectional divisions in the United States. C. The United States used the Monroe Doctrine to justify the annexation of overseas territories. D. Great Britain's opposition to the Monroe Doctrine was a major cause of the War of 1812. 111. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court case opinion, to answer the question that follows. “So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case.” Which Supreme Court case established the precedent described in the opinion? A. Bush v. Gore B. Miranda v. Arizona C. Marbury v. Madison D. Dred Scott v. Sandford 112. Which of the following cases resulted in a decision that undermined civil rights and liberties in prioritization of national security? A. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke B. Brown v. Board of Education C. District of Columbia v. Heller D. Korematsu v. United States

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113. A person is arrested for burglary. The police question him for hours, which results in a confession. The police did not inform him he could have an attorney present during questioning. Which Supreme Court case could make his confession be excluded from evidence in court? A. Miranda v. Arizona B. Plessy v. Ferguson C. McCulloch v. Maryland D. Gideon v. Wainwright 114. The American social contract is complicated by the agreement to limit the ability of government to __________. A. interfere with core liberties B. enforce contracts C. raise an army D. insure domestic tranquility 115. What is one of the principles that make up the definition of democracy? A. decision making by tyranny of the majority *. equal protection under the law for every individual C. opportunity for chosen representatives to participate in public decisions D. the promise of equal outcomes for all 116. A government that is itself restrained by law is called __________. A. a limited government B. totalitarianism C. a direct democracy D. authoritarianism 117. Which of these philosophers had the greatest impact on the Founding Fathers? A. Arthur Schopenhauer B. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz C. Karl Marx D. John Locke 118. Republicanism most directly implies __________. A. conservative government B. democratic government C. limited government D. representative government 119. According to the Constitution, who was given specific authority to declare war?

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A. Congress B. the Supreme Court C. the president D. state legislatures 120. According to the Constitution, the __________ has the power to approve all treaties the United States enters with other nations. A. Senate B. House of Representatives C. Supreme Court D. president 121. Congress is sometimes said to possess the “power of the purse.” What is meant by this saying? A. Only Congress has the power to coin money and regulate its value. B. Congress has the power to ask the individual states to contribute to pay off the national debt. C. The president cannot veto any law that Congress passes if it relates to finances. D. Only Congress has the power to tax and spend. 122. Which clause provides that the Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land? A. full faith and credit B. primacy C. due process D. supremacy 123. Which of the following holds office for life or until retirement? A. a Supreme Court justice B. a Senator C. the chief executive D. a Representative 124. In the United States, the national government derives its power from which of the following? A. states B. courts C. legislature D. citizens 125. In the United States, the state government derives its power from which of the following? A. states

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B. courts C. legislature D. citizens 127. Which of the following remains a compelling source for determining the intent of the Framers? A. the Federalist Papers B. Common Sense C. Treatise on Government D. the Declaration of Independence 128. Which of the following is the best definition of federalism? A. A constitutional arrangement by which sovereign states create a limited central government. B. A constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments. C. A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government. D. A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government. 129. What are the two types of powers given to the national government under the United States Constitution? A. delegated; suggested B. implied; explicit C. delegated; implied D. suggested; explicit 130. Which part of the Constitution lists the delegated, or enumerated, powers? A. Article I, Section 2 B. Article I, Section 8 C. Article IV, Section 1 D. Article IV, Section 3 131. Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another? A. Commerce B. Due Process C. Equal Protection D. Full Faith and Credit

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132. What was the first major Supreme Court decision to define the relationship between the federal and state governments? A. Barron v. Baltimore B. Dred Scott v. Sanford C. Brown v. Board of Education D. McCulloch v. Maryland 133. Which of the following was created by the Sixteenth Amendment? A. racial equality B. women’s voting rights C. an income tax D. a federal air force 134. Which Article of the Constitution created the federal judiciary? A. Article III B. Article II C. Article VI D. Article I 135. The __________ Act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system. A. Federal Courts B. Appellate C. Confirmation D. Judiciary 136. A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision. A. mandamus B. prohibition C. capias D. certiorari 137. For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case? A. one B. four C. five D. nine

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138. The idea behind judicial __________ is that judges should not read their own philosophies into the Constitution and should avoid direct confrontations with Congress, the president, and the states whenever possible. A. activism B. review C. confirmation D. self-restraint 139. In judicial philosophy, what is the belief that courts should interpret the Constitution as the Framers wrote and originally intended it? A. interpretation of justice B. judicial activism C. judicial review D. original intent 140. Which U.S. Supreme Court case found that a woman’s right to have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to privacy? A. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey B. Lawrence v. Texas C. Miranda v. Arizona D. Roe v. Wade 141. Article I of the Constitution prohibits which of the following, which makes an act punishable as a crime even if the act was legal when it was committed? A. writs of habeas corpus B. bills of attainder C. ex post facto laws D. procedural guarantees 142. New York Times v. United States is the most important case regarding which of the following? A. hate speech B. prior restraint C. fighting words D. libel 143. Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule? A. Parker v. Gideon B. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan C. Mapp v. Ohio D. Wolf v. Colorado 144. Incumbents are __________.

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A. challenging the person holding the office B. entering politics for the first time C. elected for the first time D. seeking reelection 145. In a typical election year, what percentage of members of Congress is reelected? A. 70 to 90 percent B. 50 to 70 percent C. 30 to 50 percent D. 10 to 30 percent 146. Using computerized mailing lists, selecting a campaign theme, developing a desirable candidate image, developing voter targeting lists, and continual polling of the voters are all components of __________. A. political endorsement B. campaign targets C. electoral targets D. campaign strategy 147. What is soft money? A. previously unregulated contributions to political parties B. small campaign donations, generally under $200 C. money a candidate spends on his or her own campaign D. funds that independent organization spend on a campaign 148. What was the effect of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Citizens United case? A. Candidates are now free to spend any amount of their own personal funds on a campaign. B. Corporations and unions must create separate PACs to solicit funds from stockholders or union members for political purposes. C. Soft-money contributions to federal candidates are strictly limited. D. Corporations and unions can now spend money directly for political purposes. 149. Unlike presidential primary elections, general presidential elections focus on the __________. A. party loyalists B. campaign contributions C. safe states D. Electoral College 150. How many electoral votes are needed to win the presidency?

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A. 225 B. 256 C. 270 D. 300 151. James Madison defined a(n) __________ as a group of individuals concerned more with their self- interest than with the rights of individuals outside the group or with the needs of society as a whole. A. faction B. political party C. social movement D. oligarchy 152. A(n) __________ refers to an organization that seeks to influence public policy. A. corporation B. interest group C. institute D. congressional district 155. What is lobbying? A. communicating with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy position B. conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue C. convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits D. fundraising for political candidate 156. Why are there currently 435 members in the House of Representatives? A. The Constitution requires a specific ratio of representatives to constituents. B. The Constitution stipulates this number. C. The number has changed to reflect gerrymandering. D. The number is fixed at this limit by a statute. 157. The true leader of the Senate is the __________, elected by the majority party. A. majority leader B. president pro tempore C. Senate Chair D. Speaker 158. Which of the following groups of people has the least influence on elected officials when those officials are considering specific changes to government policies? A. commentators

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B. reporters C. interest groups D. the public

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Florida Civic Literacy Student Resource

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