Exam 1 Chap 1-4
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University of California, Los Angeles *
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Course
7
Subject
Political Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
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16
Uploaded by GrandHedgehogMaster777
Which of the issues below has been identified as priorities that the influential cultural
conservatives in the Republican Party would like to see enacted?
●
traditional marriage, border security, and school choice (for)
●
Gender Equality, Support LGBT, Climat Change (against)
Which of the following goals would be consistent with the La Raza Unida Party platform?
●
Expand voting access for Latino citizens, increasing the number of Latino officials in
public office (correct answers)
●
Increase the number of skilled-worker visas for Mexican immigrants (incorrect answer)
●
Help get more Democrats elected in urban areas (incorrect answer)
Which of the following universities is the only ones that can receive funds from oil and gas
revenues that go into the Permanent University Fund?
●
The University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M (correct answers)
●
The University of North Texas, University of Houston, Sam Houston State University
(incorrect answers)
Which factors help explain why the Austin metro area has a higher average income than other
major metro areas in Texas?
●
State capital, high tech, and highly educated workforce (correct answers)
●
Strong transportation infrastructure, and a younger population (incorrect answers)
Texas surrendered claims to land in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma
in the Compromise of 1850 in order to do which of the following?
●
Raise money and pay off its debts
Which of the following ways has been used to deal with the controversy surrounding memorials
and monuments to the Confederacy and its leaders placed on public grounds?
●
Providing more historically accurate and inclusive context by moving them or adding
new monuments
The authority to regulate the production and transport of oil and natural gas in Texas belongs to
which agency?
●
Texas Railroad Commission
Texas is often described as sharing features of both individualistic and traditionalistic political
cultures for which the following reasons?
●
Taxes are kept low and social services are minimized,
●
political elites, such as business leaders, have a dominant voice in how the state is run,
●
and limited regulation on individuals and business is intended to encourage
self-interested hard work. (correct answers).
●
Average citizens play a major role in politics,
●
Being politically active is very important. (incorrect answers)
Which of the following voting restrictions targeted low-income voters—who were more likely to
be people of color—to prevent them from voting?
●
Poll tax
Provincialism in Texas has historically contributed which of the following feature(s) to the
state’s political culture?
●
A belief that the public interest is not served by spending on social services and
education,
●
A narrow worldview and intolerance of diversity,
●
A rejection of modern urban lifestyles (correct answers)
●
A focus on free markets to encourage business growth (incorrect answers)
Which of the following economic activities are located primarily in the Gulf Coastal Plains
region?
●
Timber, fruit and vegetable farming, petroleum export, industrial manufacturing (correct
answers)
●
Ranching (incorrect answer)
NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston and the world's largest inland desalination plant at
Fort Bliss in El Paso are great examples of which of the following?
●
Cities gain significant financial and technological advancements from government
programs.
Match each industry with the urban area it is most associated with.
●
Houston = energy
●
San Antonio = military installations
●
Austin = high tech
●
Forth Worth = cattle
Texas is often most characterized by which two political cultures?
●
Individualistic
●
Traditionalistic
Which of the following is the biggest driver of Texas’s population growth?
●
The natural difference between births and deaths
Which of the following statements about political culture accurately describe Texas?
●
The political culture of Texas is being influenced by changing demographics.
●
The political subcultures in urban and suburban areas have increasingly diverged.
●
Values in urban areas are strongly influenced by the diverse populations living there.
Which of the following statements about the Latino population in Texas are true?
●
Latinos have become the majority in major Texas cities
●
Latinos are a diverse population
●
Latinos are concentrated in the south and west of Texas
The persistent poverty created by the sharecropper and tenant farmer systems had what political
impact on Texas?
●
Poor farmers supported Populist movements that led to stronger popular control of
government
Which of the following best supports the assertion that these monuments were aimed at
celebrating the authority of White Texans after the Civil War ended?
●
Approximately half of the monuments were erected between 1900 and 1940
In what ways did Texas benefit from the United States' membership in the landmark NAFTA
trade deal?
●
Texas goods have had more access to foreign markets
●
Trade stimulated growth along Texas’s border
●
NAFTA helped speed up a diversified economy
Which of the following statements about the cotton economy in Texas are accurate?
●
It helped bolster the populist movement
●
It established an underclass in texas society (correct)
●
It remains a driving force of the Texas economy today,
●
About 5 percent of the Texas population now lives on cotton farms or is connected
directly to cotton cultivation. (incorrect)
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Which physical regions of Texas are most likely to remain consistently controlled by
Republicans?
●
The great plains
●
The interior lowlands
When Texas entered the Union in 1845, what did Texas do with its public lands?
●
Texas retained control of its public lands
Which of the following industries helped contribute to Houston’s growth over time?
●
Cotton, oil, and trade
In the early twentieth century, less than 50 years after the end of the Civil War, influential groups
in the state sought to rewrite history by promoting the
lost cause
narrative, which suggested that
the South’s primary cause was not to protect
slavery
but to valiantly protect
state’s rights
from
an overreaching federal government.
What is the underlying cause that led to the founding of the La Raza Unida Party?
●
Political, social, and economic institutions were designed to exclude Latinos.
What important functions are performed by state constitutions?
●
Specify the limits and uses of power by state institutions and individuals
●
Clarify the source of a state’s political power
●
Divide authority within the political institutions of the state
The U.S. Constitution specifies how powers are allocated within state-level institutions (true or
false?)
●
False (U.S. Constitution has no analogous to Texas’s power)
Relative to us U.S. Constitution, the Texas Constitution is
longer
and adopts a tone of
limited
governance.
What step must happen first before voters participate in a constitutional amendment election?
●
The legislature voted to put the amendment on the ballot
Which of the following is the correct definition of the term unicameral?
●
A legislature that has only one body
How do both the U.S. and Texas Constitutions seek to prevent tyranny?
●
Check and balances
●
Separation of powers
●
Natural self-interersts
In 1824, settlers coming to Texas from the United States stopped being under the authority of the
U.S. Constitution and instead were governed by the Mexican national constitution. Which
aspects of the Mexican national constitution of 1824 differed from the U.S. Constitution? Which
aspects were the same?
●
The role of religion
●
The selection of the president (aspects that were different)
●
The separation of powers
●
A bicameral legislatureure
●
Protection of state powers (aspects that were similar)
How many amendments does the current Texas Constitution have?
●
More than 500
Match each characteristic or provision to the constitution it belongs to the Texas Constitution of
1845, the Texas Constitution of 1861, or the Texas Constitution of 1869.
●
Constitution of 1845 - detailed the original agreement for Texas’s statehood
●
Provided for possible emancipation of enslaved people
●
Consitution of 1861 - declared allegiance to the Confederacy
●
Made it illegal to free enslaved people
●
The Constitution of 1869 - was heavily influenced by Radical Republicans
●
Created a much more powerful governor
What statement accurately portrays the tax burden in Texas?
●
Texans still contribute about a twelfth of their income to state taxes
What is the meaning of the term impeachment?
●
A charge of wrongdoing
The data in the following table best support which of the following conclusions?
●
Balancing the exercise of civil liberties against the protection of civil rights can lead to
fractures in the public on how to proceed.
The authors of the Texas Constitution were influenced by the U.S. governing documents and the
writers of
The Federalist Papers
, such as James Madison. Select the passages of Madison's text
from
Federalist 51
that reflect how the government is structured to protect people from
government becoming too powerful.
●
Usurpations are guarded against by a division of the government into distinct and
separate departments
●
Divided between two distinct governments
●
Subdivided among distinct and separate departments
Local government in Texas, such as cities and counties, derive their authority from which
sources?
●
The Texas Constitution
●
The citizens of Texas
As one of only a handful of states without a form of an income tax, what is the only way that
Texas could institute an income tax statewide?
●
The legislature and voters would have to amend the constitution
Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of the current Texas Constitution?
●
A long and complex collection of specifically written policy
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Which of the following characteristics has been central in all of Texas’s constitutions since Texas
joined the United States?
Central in all of Texas’s Constitutions
●
Division of power
●
Strong popular control
●
Individuals rights
●
federalism
Not Central in all of Texas’s Constitutions
●
Strong government
●
Flexibility
Place the following events in the history of Texas in order from oldest to most recent.
●
Texas's independence from Mexico
●
the state of Texas joins the United States
●
Civil War
●
Fourteenth Amendment ratified
●
Grange movement influenced the new Texas Constitution Texas Equal Rights
Amendment was added to the state constitution
What effect did the creation of decentralized boards and other districts outside the authority of
the governor have on the Texas government?
Correct Answer(s)
●
It created a system more susceptible to special interests.
●
It made it more difficult to revise and reform policies affecting government power.
Incorrect Answer(s)
●
It made the people's voice in government stronger.
●
It further enhanced the one-party dominance of the state.
Voter participation in statewide constitutional amendment elections is most likely to see big
increases under what circumstances?
●
Divisive social issues are on the ballot
Drag the following provisions of the Texas Constitution of 1876, the U.S. Constitution, or both
to their proper place on the Venn diagram.
Texas Constitution of 1876
●
complex, specific, and long document
●
free and equitable public schools
●
victims' rights
Both
●
Bicameral Legislature
●
Popular Sovereignty
U.S. Constitution
●
short document with flexible language
●
supreme law
●
single executive
Which of the following statements about similarities between the Texas Consitution and the U.S.
Constitution are true?
Correct Answer(s)
●
Both protect the rights of individual citizens.
●
Both provide the power for branches to limit the actions of one another.
●
Both establish the people as the foundational source of government power.
●
Both give the distinct branches of government autonomous powers.
Incorrect Answer(s)
●
Both specifically define authority very specifically to prevent abuses of power.
●
Both define the authority to regulate and conduct elections.
Match the clause characteristics to the amendment in which it is found.
The thirteenth Amendment
●
ends slavery
Fifteenth Amendment
●
bans race discrimination in voting
Fourteenth Amendment
●
defines who is a citizen
●
forces state to follow due process to remove rights
●
guarantees equal rights for people in all states
Which of the following is one of the most important themes of the Constitution of 1976?
●
Limited spending
The civil liberties protections in the
Bill of Rights
have largely been incorporated to apply to
states through the due process clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment
Which of the following characterizes the system of federalism?
●
Power is divided between the central and regional governments
Complete the following statement.
President
Richard Nixon
originated the thinking that led to New Federalism, but the most
significant changes associated with the era were made under the administration of President
Bill
Clinton.
Which of the following was the primary factor that led to the replacement of the Article of
Confederation?
●
Economic instability
The following chart compares the rates of Black and Latino Texans lacking voter ID to the rate
of White Texans. It shows that Black Texans are slightly more than twice as likely as White
Texans to lack proper voter ID, and Latino Texans are almost twice as likely to lack voter ID.
●
If 10 percent of White Texans lack voter ID, it is likely that 20 percent of Black and
Latino Texans lack voter ID.
●
Since Black and Latino Texans are more likely to vote for Democratic candidates, voter
ID laws will likely affect the share of Democrats in Texas.
Complete the following statement.
Under the
Article of Confederation
, Congress lacked the power to fund the government and had
to rely on support from
states.
Initially implemented by Richard Nixon,
New Federalism
attempted to give states more leeway
in spending through
block
grants.
Federalism is most closely related to which other constitutional principles?
●
Separation of powers
A September 2019 report by the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights found that
the state of Texas had 750 fewer polling places available to voters in counties with rapidly
growing minority populations in 2018 than it had in 2012 and that the state had passed a new
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voter ID law that had to be reworked after federal courts found that it disproportionately affected
voters of color.
The changes in the number of voting locations and the new voter ID law are most likely
connected to which Supreme Court case?
●
Shelby Country, Alabama v. Holder
In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which required states to
retrofit public areas to be accessible to individuals with disabilities without offering any federal
funds to pay for it. This is an example of which the following?
Correct Answer(s)
●
an unfunded mandate
●
federal preemption
●
coercive federalism
Incorrect Answer(s)
●
a categorical grant
●
a block grant
Why do many scholars insist that the Fourteenth Amendment is the most important amendment
addes to the Constitution, outside of the amendments in the Bill of Rights?
●
It allowed the Bill of Rights to be applied to the states as needed.
Which example best demonstrated the concept of federal preemption?
●
The federal government forbidding states from establishiing their own air pollution
standards
●
The federal government requiring certain subject area be tested by states to measure
achievement
Many Texas leaders often praise the small-government and low-tax values of the state and
criticize the federal government for its tax policies and extensive aid programs. Examine the
information in the chart to determine which statement best captures the problem with this praise
and critique
●
Texas relies on federal money for nearly one-third of all the money it spends in the state
budget
The rights of states are protected in which of the following ways in the U.S. Constitution?
●
Equal Senate representation
●
Power to tax
●
Intrastate commerce
●
Recruitment and maintenance of a militia
The use of the Tenth Amendment as protection for the rights of states was resurrected by which
of the following?
●
A more conservative majority that emerged on the Supreme Court
In general terms, how did chief justice John Marshall treat issues of federalism in his Supreme
Court rulings?
●
He tended to expand the national government’s powers relative tothe states
Which of the following best describes the overall trend of the United States federal system?
●
Towards a stronger national government
Which of the following is a factor that shifted national and state governments toward cooperative
federalism?
●
As the nation began to face more complex problems in the 1930s and 1940s, multiple
levels of government were required to step in
Though the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, enjoys generally broad
public support, the state of Texas and other states filed suit against the federal government to end
its protections by making which claim?
●
The creation of the program by President Obama was a constitutional overreach
Match each responsibility with the correct level of government
National
●
Oversee foreign relations
●
Regulate interstate commerce
●
Deliver mail
●
Protect intellectual property
●
Coin money
State
●
Regulate adoption
●
Regulate family law
●
Create standards for professions
Which argument did states fighting the preclearance requirement of Section 5 of the Voting
Rights Act make to the Supreme Court?
●
Voter discrimination was no longer an issue in the states under preclearance
The text of the Tenth Amendment reads:
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people."
Which of the following is most cited as the reason that the Tenth Amendment has been at the
center of so much controversy about the division of powers in our federal system?
●
The amendment is not clear about what the powers of states are
The Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business V. Sebelius hild that the
Affordable Care Act (ACA) was constitutional because of the
taxing power of congress
, but
Texas has sought to strike down the ACA in federal courts ever since the 2017 tax cuts
eliminated the
individual mandate
requirement that had penalized American with no insurance
coverage.
Texas shifted from a Democratic-dominated state to a Republican-dominated state as Texas
voters adopted a more conservative political ideology?
●
False
Place the following party organization in order from the lowest level of temporary party
organization to the highest level of temporary party organization.
●
Party primary
●
Precinct convention
●
country/district convention
●
State convention
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By looking at the slate of statewide candidates Democrats deemed the “Dream Team” in 2002,
what can we deduce about the Democratic Party’s strategy in recruiting these individuals?
●
Democrats believed that recruiting a demographically and ideologically diverse slate of
candidates would mobilize their base and break away some voters from the Republican
Party
The
Libertarian Party
has established itself as a party of limited government that is liberal on
social issues, whereas
La Raza Unida
established itself as a political force to get Latino officials
elected to public office
Which voter groups are most likely to be part of the Democratic Party electoral coalition?
Correct Answers:
●
African Americans
●
Liberal Whites
●
Latinos
Incorrect Answers:
●
Suburban Whites
●
Evangelical Christians
●
Catholics
Match each third party to its best description
●
La Raza Unida:
A party formed in Texas in order to bring attention to the
concerns of Mexican Americans
●
Libertarian Party:
A party that supports limited government and advocates
policies that can be considered fiscally conservative and socially liberal
●
Dixiecrats:
A segregationist political party formed in 1948 that strongly
advocated for states' rights
Match each party office or committee to the function it carries out
●
State executive committee:
Accepts filings from candidates for statewide office,
establishes party policy, and raises funds for the party
●
County executive committee:
Runs the county’s primary and convection and sets policy
for the county party
●
County Chair:
Is the head of the county executive committee and runs the daily business
of the country party
●
State Chair:
Is elected every two years at the convention to run the daily business of the
state party and head the state executive committee
●
Precinct Chair:
Represents a portion of the county on the county executive committee
and is the head of the precinct convention
What is the relationship between the temporary party organizations and the permanent party
organizations?
●
The temporary organization determines the leadership and direction of the party
What are some factors that contribute to low voter turnout among Latino Texans?
●
A significant number of Latinos in Texas are not citizens and cannot vote
●
Many Latinos are too young to vote (correct answers)
●
Latinos have not been candidates for important offices in Texas, depressing turnout
●
Latinos are not motivated by current political issues in Texas and the United States
(incorrect answers)
Why is the characterization of texas as a “deep red” state misleading?
●
The Republican Party is divided
What are the consequences of the continued growth of party polarization?
●
Fewer moderates are elected to public office
●
Gridlock has increased in legislatures
What characteristic of political socialization is most likely to lead to the adoption of a political
ideology?
●
Consistent messages from external influences
Identify the functions of political parties?
●
Political parties raise money for candidates’ campaigns
●
Political parties select candidates to run as members of the party
●
Political parties are held accountable to the electorate
Which of the following statements about party platforms are accurate?
●
Party platforms state the beliefs and policy goals candidates will pursue if elected
Which of the following demographic factors have affected Texas politics?
●
Increasing urbanization
●
Mixed party affiliation in the suburbs
●
Interstate migration
In 2018, in Harris County alone, the
Houston Chronicle
documented a total of 76 contested
judicial races. More than 20 contested district and county judicial races appeared on the Bexar
County ballots. What is the biggest effect that electing so many public officials has on voters?
●
Voters rely on party labels
Match the policy position with the party it most closely represents
Republican Party:
●
Deregulation of business
●
Restrictions on abortion
●
Enforcement of immigration law by local governments
Democratic Party:
●
Expansion of access to health care
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●
Path for citizenship for undocumented workers
●
Expansion of civil rights
What are three emerging trends that could change the state of partisan politics in Texas?
●
New residents from out of state could change the Texas electorate
●
Tea Party-backed Republicans could move too far to the right
●
Texas Democrats could begin attracting stronger statewide candidates
Which of these statements are associated with the growth of the Republican Party in Texas?
●
Republicans have dominated the state legislature since the early 2000s
●
Since the 1980s, Texans have been consistently supportive of Republican candidates for
president
●
Presidential Republicanism began after a split between conservative and liberal
Democrats during the 1952 presidential election
In Texas,
African Americans
have a larger influence on the
Democratic Party
than other
groups because of their high voter turnout rate, though they have a smaller population percentage
than in other southern states.
The fading of La Raza Unida as a third party in Texas coincided with the state’s shift from a
Democratic- to a Republican-dominated state. Which of the following is the likely explanation
for what caused the disappearance of La Raza Unida?
●
As the Democratic Party of Texas lost conservative Whites from its base, it adopted more
issues that attracted Latino voters to La Raza Unida