POL test Midterm 1

Name______________________________________________ ID#:________________________________ Political Science 102: Introduction to American Government March 12 th , 2015 Midterm 1, Version 1 Instructor: J. Rose Write your name and ID# above. For extra credit, write the five rights (liberties) of the First Amendment on the last page. Select the best answer for each question (each worth 2 points). 1. We need government largely to solve a. wars b. collective action problems c. conflict between states d. federalism e. problems of democracy 2. The three ideals established by the Declaration of Independence include a. equality b. individual rights c. consent of the governed d. all of the above e. equal outcomes for all citizens 3. What form of government was established in the United States under the Articles of Confederation? a. unitary b. monarchy c. confederal d. federal e. constitutional parliament 4. Today the United States House of Representatives bases its representation on the Virginia Plan, which is based on a. population b. equal states rights c. the British Parliament’s House of Lords d. one vote per state e. constitutional monarchical representation 5. Horizontal Federalism refers to the relationship between a. the three branches of the national government b. the relationship between the state governments c. the relationship between the state and national governments d. both a and b e. none of the above 1

6. Vertical Federalism refers to the relationship between a. the three branches of the national government b. the relationship between the state governments c. the relationship between the state and national governments d. both a and b e. none of the above 6. Vertical Federalism refers to the relationship between a. the three branches of the national government b. the state governments c. the state and national governments d. both a and b e. none of the above 7. Why is collective action a problem? a. free-riders b. enforcement c. because people who work in groups tend to sacrifice the group interest to serve their individual self-interest d. common-goods such as air and the ocean can be abused by pollution and over-fishing e. all of the above 8. The typical outcome of the Prisoner’s Dilemma is that a. neither prisoner defects, thereby assuring the best outcome for both b. both prisoners defect, thereby assuring the best outcome for both c. one prisoner decides not to defect, believing he can do so later d. both prisoners defect, thereby assuring each is worse off than if they both cooperated e. one prisoner decides to defect, allowing his partner to go free 9. The costs of conforming to the collective action of society are called a. transaction costs b. conformity costs c. exigency costs d. collective action costs e. reformity costs 10. John Locke’s Social Contract Theory refers to the idea that a. individuals give up some rights in exchange for the government’s protection of natural rights b. the life of man is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” c. rights are given to the people by the government d. individual liberty is subordinate to the arbitrary power of the monarchy e. a government based on a system of checks and balances will encourage the loss of individual liberty 11. “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men…” This quote is taken from the a. United States Constitution 2

e. both b and c 18. “habeas corpus” refers to a. the right of an accused person to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her b. laws that make an action criminal after they have occurred c. punishment without due process d. illegal search and seizure e. warrantless wiretapping 19. The landmark Supreme Court decision that established judicial review was a. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) b. Schenk v. U.S. (1919) c. Miranda v. AZ (1966) d. Marbury v. Madison (1803) e. Hustler v. Falwell (1988) 20. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion…” This is referred to as a. the necessary and proper clause b. the free exercise clause c. prior restraint d. the establishment clause e. freedom of speech 21. The ability of the Supreme Court to rule a law unconstitutional is called a. judicial discretion b. SCOTUS c. judicial review d. appellate jurisdiction e. original jurisdiction 22. Congress’ checks on the Executive branch include all but which of the following a. impeachment of the president b. veto override c. refusing to fund executive orders d. appoint department heads of federal administrative agencies e. vote down the presidents’ legislative proposals 23. When California recognizes the marriage of a couple married in New York State this refers to the a. full faith and credit clause b. reserved powers clause c. establishment clause d. commerce clause e. free-exercise clause 24. Article VI of the United States Constitution states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land. This is called a. full faith and credit clause b. necessary and proper clause 4

c. establishment clause d. supremacy clause e. free-exercise clause 25. A centralized political system in which all authority is held by the national government is a a. federal system b. unitary system c. confederal system d. parliamentary system e. monarchy 26. A centralized political system in which all authority is held by the national government is a a. federal system b. unitary system c. confederal system d. parliamentary system e. monarchy 27. A political system in which authority is divided between different levels of government is a a. federal system b. unitary system c. confederal system d. parliamentary system e. monarchy 28. Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution a. contains the commerce clause b. contains the necessary and proper clause c. contains the enumerated powers of Congress d. gives Congress the power to collect taxes e. all of the above 29. Powers that are shared by both the national government and the state governments are called a. enumerated powers b. reserved powers c. concurrent powers d. state powers e. national powers 30. According to the 10 th Amendment to the United States Constitution, powers that are not delegated to the national government and are not prohibited to the states are given to a. the counties b. the states c. the national government d. Congress e. the president 31. In Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, the necessary and proper clause has been used to a. diminish the power of the national government 5

37. The New Deal under President Franklin D. Roosevelt ushered in an era of a. national federalism b. dual federalism c. cooperative federalism d. state federalism e. state and local federalism 38. Categorical grants given to the states by the federal government are a. targeted and more specific than block grants b. targeted and more specific than revenue sharing c. used by the federal government to influence state policy d. all of the above e. only a and c 39. Regulations from the federal government requiring states to carry out policies without funding are a. direct orders b. executive orders c. crosscutting requirements d. unfunded mandates e. crossover sanctions 40. Devolution refers to the a. shifting of political power from the national government to the states b. shifting of political power from the state governments to the federal government c. change in policy of the Supreme Court to declare most laws unconstitutional d. crosscutting requirements e. only c and d 41. What is the difference between civil liberties and civil rights? a. Civil liberties protect citizens from government and civil rights are equal protection by the government b. Civil liberties are equal protection by the government and civil rights protect citizens from the government c. Civil liberties are negative rights, the things that the government cannot do; while civil rights are the things the government must do to provide equal protection for citizens d. all of the above e. both a and c 42. The difference between the due process clause of the 5 th Amendment and the 14 th Amendment is that a. the 14 th Amendment applies the 5 th Amendment due process to the states b. the 14 th Amendment applied the 5 th Amendment due process to the national government c. the 5 th Amendment insures due process of state autonomy while the 14 th Amendment confirms state autonomy d. there is no difference in meaning between the two clauses e. all of the above 43. In the McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the “power to tax is the power to destroy” and therefore the State of Maryland may not tax a federal institution . This decision a. weakened the power of the national government b. strengthened the power of the state governments 7

c. established marijuana as the nation’s official herb d. made the state government supreme over the national government e. greatly increased the power of the national government 44. The power to tax is a a. concurrent power of both the state and national governments b. enumerated power of the national government c. reserved power of the national government d. reserved power of the states e. only a and b 45. The power to declare war is a. a power of Congress alone b. a power of the President and Congress c. shared between the states and the national government d. all of the above e. only a and c 46. The power to conduct elections is a. a reserved power of the national government alone b. a reserved power of the state governments alone c. a concurrent power d. an enumerated power e. conducted by elected officials under the influence of marijuana 47. The definition of “reserved” powers is taken from Amendment X (10) of the U.S. Constitution and refers to powers of a. the state governments only b. national government only c. both the national and state governments d. the power of the federal system e. a cinnamon dolce latte when you’re up late studying 48. There can be a conflict between the enumerated powers and the implied powers of the national government under Article 1, Sec. 8. a. True b. False 49. In the Texas v. Johnson (1989) , flag burning case, the Supreme Court ruled that a. flag burning is protected as symbolic speech under the 1rst Amendment b. flag burning should be the one action prohibited by the Constitution c. flag desecration is not an expression of free speech d. flag burning us unconstitutional due to the Flag Burning Amendment e. Americans hate flag-burners 8

56. In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court ruled that the 1 st , 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th , and 9 th Amendments to the Constitution create a “penumbra” or spirit for, and therefore establish a fundamental right. This implied right is the a. right to an abortion b. right to privacy c. right to contraception d. right to free speech e. right to wiretap so long as there is no physical penetration of space 45. Written defamation of an person's character is referred to as a. slander b. libel c. falsehood d. made a moment of silence constitutional e. stated that any law must be one that inhibits religion in order to be constitutional 46. The process of the Supreme Court applying the Bill of Rights to the governments of the states is called a. Corporation b. Application c. Judicial Review d. Incorporation e. Ratification 47. The phrase "separation of church and state" is found in which document? a. The Declaration of Independence b. The U.S. Constitution c. President Thomas Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptist Association d. James Madison's Federalist #51 e. James Madison's Federalist #10 9 10

48. Censorship of - or punishment for - the expression of ideas before those ideas are spoken or printed is referred to as a. necessary and proper b. the free exercise clause c. prior restraint d. freedom of expression e. freedom of speech 49. Under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the two components of the freedom of Religion are a. the necessary and the proper clause b. the establishment clause and the free exercise clause c. prior restraint and judicial review d. the establishment clause and the religion clause e. freedom of expression and freedom of action 50. “No person shall be... deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." - 5th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution “No state shall... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." - 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Both of the above quotes are referred to as a. the Deprivation Clause b. the Reserved Powers Clause c. the Due Process Clause d. the Right to Life Clause e. the Process of Law Clause Please list the 5 rights (liberties) of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: 1. Freedom of RELIGION 2. Freedom of SPEECH 3. Freedom of the PRESS 4. Right of the People to peaceably ASSEMBLE 5. PETITION the Government for a redress of greivances 11