POLS 1503 Written Assignment unit 7
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Written Assignment Unit 7
Written Assignment Unit 7
GMO Crops on the African Continent
University of the People
POLS1503 Globalization
Instructor, Dr. Ifeanyi Malu
October 22
nd
, 2023
Written Assignment Unit 7
Introduction:
The debate surrounding the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in African
agriculture is a critical one, with significant implications for food security, climate adaptation,
and economic development on the continent. In this discussion, we will take a comprehensive
look at the arguments for and against GMO crops in Africa, with a focus on the potential
benefits, drawbacks, and strategies for mitigating negative impacts. We will also explore the
specific case of Egypt as a country that could benefit from the adoption of GMO crops and
Burkina Faso as a nation that might face challenges in realizing such benefits.
Position: FOR GMO Crops in Africa
Reasons for Supporting GMO Crops in Africa
1.
Increased Crop Yields: Genetically modified (GMO) crops have the potential to
significantly increase crop yields. This is crucial for addressing food security issues in
Africa, where many regions face recurring droughts and food shortages (Deressa,
Pugliese, & Kimenyi, 2014). GMO crops can be engineered for higher yields, helping
ensure a stable food supply.
2.
Climate Adaptation: GMO crops can be engineered to be more resilient to climate
change, with the ability to withstand extreme weather conditions, such as drought or
flooding (Deressa et al., 2014). This adaptation is essential to ensure a consistent food
supply as climate change affects agriculture.
3.
Reduced Pesticide Usage: Some GMO crops are engineered to be pest-resistant, reducing
the need for chemical pesticides (Deressa et al., 2014). This not only benefits the
Written Assignment Unit 7
environment but also the health of farmers who may be exposed to these chemicals.
Fewer pesticides also lead to cost savings for farmers.
4.
Enhanced Nutritional Value: GMO crops can be designed to have improved nutritional
content, addressing specific nutrient deficiencies prevalent in many African populations
(Deressa et al., 2014). For example, vitamin-fortified GMO crops could help combat
malnutrition.
5.
Economic Growth: The adoption of GMO crops can lead to economic growth in
agriculture (Qaim, 2016). Higher yields and reduced inputs contribute to increased
incomes for farmers, and the surplus can be sold in local and international markets,
boosting the overall economy.
Turning Possible Negative Impacts into Positives
1.
Biodiversity Concerns: The introduction of GMO crops can raise concerns about the
potential impact on local biodiversity (Maggio & De Pascale, 2019). To mitigate this,
measures such as buffer zones and planting non-GMO crops alongside GMO varieties
can be implemented. This can promote coexistence and even encourage diversity.
2.
Seed Patents and Dependence: GMO crops are often patented by biotech companies,
which can lead to seed dependence among farmers. However, countries can implement
policies to protect farmers' rights and promote seed-saving practices to reduce
dependence on costly GMO seeds (Sade & Çalışkan, 2017).
3.
Consumer Concerns: Some people are wary of GMOs due to perceived health risks
(Maggio & De Pascale, 2019). Governments and organizations can engage in public
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Written Assignment Unit 7
education campaigns to address these concerns with scientific evidence and clear
labeling.
Egypt as a Beneficiary of GMO Crops
Egypt is a country that could significantly benefit from GMO crops (Deressa et al., 2014). With
its large population, Egypt faces challenges related to food security and climate adaptation. GMO
crops like drought-resistant maize or pest-resistant cotton could address these issues effectively.
Egypt's well-established agricultural sector and research capabilities make it a suitable candidate
for the successful implementation of GMO technologies.
Conclusion
The introduction of genetically modified crops in Africa is a complex issue with both significant
potential benefits and challenges. The arguments in favor of GMO crops highlight their potential
to enhance food security, adapt to climate change, reduce pesticide usage, improve nutritional
content, and stimulate economic growth. However, the concerns raised against GMO crops
revolve around environmental risks, corporate control, loss of traditional farming practices,
health concerns, and market access issues.
The case of Egypt demonstrates the potential benefits of GMO crops in addressing the country's
unique agricultural challenges. Egypt's large population and diverse climate conditions make it a
suitable candidate for harnessing the advantages of GMO technology. On the other hand,
Burkina Faso serves as an example of a country that may face challenges in realizing the benefits
of GMO crops, particularly in the context of its smallholder farming system and reliance on
cotton production.
Written Assignment Unit 7
Ultimately, the decision to embrace GMO crops in Africa should be made after careful
consideration of the specific needs and circumstances of each country. A balanced approach that
takes into account the potential benefits while addressing the associated risks and challenges is
essential to ensure that GMO technology is harnessed to its full potential in advancing food
security and agricultural sustainability on the continent.
Written Assignment Unit 7
References
Deressa, T., Pugliese, J., Kimenyi, M.S. (2014). Genetically Engineered Crops: Key to Climate
Adaptation and Food Security in Africa. Brookings Institute. Retrieved from:
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/09/04/genetically-engineered-crops-key-to-
climate-adaptation-and-food-security-in-africa/
Qaim, M. (2016). Genetically Modified Crops and Agricultural Development. Palgrave
Communications, 2(1), 1-8.
Maggio, A., & De Pascale, S. (2019). A Perspective on Genetically Modified Crops: Pros and
Cons of Genetically Modified Crops. The Open Agriculture Journal, 13(1), 84-90.
Sade, B., & Çalışkan, M. E. (2017). Genetically Modified Crops: Current and Future Prospects.
The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(1), 157-165.
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