Adobe Scan Nov 30, 2023

pdf

School

California State University, East Bay *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

001

Subject

Physics

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by ColonelComputerMule9

vV A [y B 7 L R INQUIRY LAB — ADVANCED Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Does Earth revolve at a constant distance from the sun? Johannes Kepler (1571-1 630) determined that the trajectories of the planets moving around the sun are not circular, as originally thought. Instead, planets follow “stretched out circular paths” called ellipses. In this lab, you will explore the characteristics of elliptical orbits to develop a deeper understanding of planetary motion. Focus on Science Practices SEP 4 Analyze and Interpret Data SEP 5 Use Mathematics and Computational Thinking Materials Per Group e Bolts, 2 e Ruler, metric e Hexagonal nuts, 6 e Scissors e Pencil, wood (not mechanical) e String, 60 cm e Planetary Orbits platform with e Tape, transparent holes e Washer e Planetary Orbits paper templates, 3 Safety % A Follow all laboratory safety guidelines. Wash your hands at the end of the lab period. Procedure Part |: Drawing Ellipses What are ellipses and what do they look like? 1. Measure and cut a 28 cm long piece of string. Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in ils original format.

CLASS ____ — NAME DATE ___—— \ into . ing's ends together in + PO a00p of string with the 26 om piece by tying the string’s : ke g string to ma @ knot as shown in Figure 1. Tie the knot close to the ends of th the loop as large as possible. Figure 1 Pull Tight Stri Pull Tight '%‘/@—\)mg @ Tfi 3. Center the Planet the side without t the platform, ary Orbits pa Per template on the Planetary Orbits platform (on he bumpers) and line up the numbered dots with the holes in Figure 2 ° ® F';Ianeta_rry Orlbits (/ [ Faper Template : Penci] — L~ . —Pencil | & ——Tape /String 2 3 4 Nut Wt & >~ —Bolt String Py ° Wesher.. =Nuts A — - -] Bolts Felt Bumpers/ Planetary Orbits Platform 5. Using a sharpened wood template, and through th with dot number 5, pencil, poke a hole through dot number 1 of the paper € corresponding hole in the platform. Repeat this step Insert the bolts through the outermost holes ( bottom and up through the holes in the pape paper around the holes. 1 and 5) of the platform from the rtemplate. Be careful not to tear the Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. Al Rights Reserved. o Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format. inn

DATE cLASS _____—— ——— gure 2. t move with ults. . Thread one nut Note: The nuts :\:t(: :ach b_°|t and tighten securely, as shown in Fi gentle pressure f el tight as possible so that the bolts will no rom the side. Too much “play” in the bolts will affect the res ces between ide to keep the ving small spa . Thread two more nuts part way onto each bolt lea Il serve as @ gu each s set of nuts. The gap between the two nuts wi g at the same height when drawing the ellipse. 9. Loop the 28 cm string around both bolts. s the washer firmly onto washer. Pres n, the washer 10. Insert a wood pencil through the hole of the As the ellipse is draw th.e pencil so the washer stays on the pencil. will help keep the string'at the same height. h bolt so the gap be | when the pencil is h gure 2. This wi tween them is the sameé eld vertically and the 11. Adjust the two upper nuts on eac Il help keep the string height as the washer on the penci pencil tip touches the template, as seen Fi level. g that is around the bolts. rm. Pull the string taut sO Figure 2 for washer inside the loop of strin d perpendicular to the platfo the nuts and just above the washer. See 12.Place the pencil with the Hold the pencil vertically an it rests between the gaps in guidance. t as the guide for the pencil. Keep the string to ac h the string or shift 13.Draw an ellipse by allowing the t, but not so taut as to stretcl pencil vertical and the string tau the bolts from a vertical position. 14.Label the template “Ellipse 1.” uts from the bolts and gently pull the bolts out of the holes, being 15.Remove the n e the holes bigger. careful not to tear the paper o mak 16. Remove the paper template from the platform and set it aside for Part Il. Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flinn Scientific and i i i nd its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

cLAss _______ _—— NAME DATE ____— 17.SEP Plan Your Investigation Using the previous steps asa St?f;t':egn’t)(f)rlg:;l Q describe how you will draw two more ellipses so that they are di el'. ses, label Ellipse 1 in their foci separation or major axis length. Draw these ellipSes, them Ellipse 2 and Ellipse 3, and save them for Part Il. W Sl wake AMefoev - e\\\osdjfb}, d/)mlgl“”) b [ R wawwdé‘f RAlipe L Etlye2 THipe 3 Part ll: Exploring Elliptical Orbits What are the mathematical properties of an ellipse? 18. Using a metric ruler, measure the distance between the two foci, 2f (from the center of one hole to the center of the other hole), for all three ellipses to the nearest tenth of a centimeter, and record these values in Table 1. See Figure 3 for guidance. ! Figure 3 Minor Axis —2f X —)l( Major Axis . rd \\// Foci (2a) 19. Measure the length of the major axis, 2a, for all three ellipses and record these values in.Table 1. ' : " 20. Using Ellipse 1, mark two points anywhere on the ellipse with a pencil. Label one point “A” and the other “B.” Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format.

NAME DATE ClASS ____—— 21 U§|ng a ruler, draw a straight line from point A to one focus of the ellipse. Note: Since each focus is a hole, draw the line so it would - tersect the major axis at the center of the hole, as seen in Figure 4. Label this line A1. Figure 4 he second focus. Label this line 22.Repeat step 23, drawing a line from point A tot A2, d 24, drawing a line from point B t0 each of the foci. Label 23.Repeat steps 23 an See Figure 4 for guidance. these lines B1 and B2, respectively. each line segment to the nearest tenth of a centimeter and ‘ 24.Measure the length of ts in Table 2. record these measuremen 25.Repeat steps 2926 for Ellipses 2 and 3. Table 1 Ellipse String Foci Major Axis Eccentricity, Aphelion Perihelion Length Separation, Length, 2a e (cm) (cm) (cm) 2f, (cm) (cm) ' % G | |A ] 079 4250 | (-5 (we 2 28w | 45w | 10.5m| 0 N] 105 | & ™ 3 [gFom | Tum | (Him 0.u7 | llm [Y4m Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format

NAME Table 2 " Exploring Elliptical Orbits . Rl Bodbh S ) /_1 A1+ A2 B1 (cmﬂ B2 (cm) (cm) | T U [ Bom | 8w T 5w 5. 2w 2 [0om |1em | 19em | 650w |0c? [6.5¢w 3 |0.1(M b%(w\ \1 (W (0(,\!\/\ 4- &M '6’6(’" | Ellipse A1 (cm) A2 (cm) Analyze and Interpret Data 1. SEP Use Mathematics The eccentricity of an ellipse, e, can be defined as the . ratio between the distance 2f that separates ts foci, and the length 2a of its major axis. This is expressed in Equation 1. Calculate the eccentricity of Ellipses 1= ~ and record these values in Table 1. Show a sample calculation. Equation 1: e = 2f/2a Hhyse 1. ¢=Afda Elge A Gomlaem=079. 4D wflosem=027. . 0 Eipse 3~ Jom )1 S M= 0.4 2. SEP Analyze and Interpret Data Which ellipse has the greatest eccentricity? Which has the lowest eccentricity? Explain. E\\;‘pse i \na& e h\t)hmt ectephrict L‘/ of 0 .79 J 4 E““VSE 2 hOOQ HQ iw U‘J‘\“’"\ 027 Ths ’i eawee Ellige 4 b e gralest Forul <epdl akon e Blige D) Viod ve lovest focot| gopRiadian, Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

NAME 3. : , SEP Obtain Information Search on the Internet or a te tem. How do the orbits of t DATE CLASS xtbook to learn about the he planets eccentricity of the planets in our solar sys that revolve around the sun compare to the two ellipses constructed in this laboratory? Explain. neh tmeursolet system ave W The eccewwceh, ek dlo Hrovy ¥ s \o(b, Hey g ¥ q‘l uvioler O-\. else remains the same, what property of the e ellipse will alseo SEP Use Mathematics If everything tring is changed? &Jes ) + wie e ellipse changes if the length of the s 6] wwche waller beca one of the foci on each ellipse est and greatest | orbit. Label these y. Record these SEP Analyze and Interpret Data Assume that f the sun. Measure the small corresponds to the location o distances between the center of the sun and each elliptica distances as the “perihelion” and the “aphelion”, respectivel values in Table 1. Data Observe the difference in eccentricity be ow might this explain why helion of each “orbit.” H pok e P&r Sl SEP Analyze and Interpret sun than another? o\(')‘MV‘ - e (entric M Ellipses 1-3, and note the peri one planet is sometimes closer to thiL The logrC ¥ e (AT N aane grean el \oV - doved Wk & / lover enles ob P ety andtt Ry g forkior fow KR T Fhon dopet s oclorls v e((enkaaty . of line segments A1 and A2 for Ellipses nd B2. Record the respective sums in tween SEP Use Mathematics Add the lengths 1-3. Do the same for line segments B1a Table 2. Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. onsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format. Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not resp

NAME DATE cLAss __ 8. SEP Analyze and Interpret Data How does the sum of line segments A1 and A2 ' compare to the sum of line segments B1 and B2 for each ellipse? / Wy € ey ose Yo €uch © (SM\{\LM SOIWYD 9. SEP Evaluate and Communicate Kepler's first law of planetary motion states that all planets travel in elliptical orbits. Write a definition of an ellipse that includes the results from question 8. e e 0o dhanelyse ty He \ocsf( :{\i lone ket 9 g Wob oss (@ner \J\’Q"eﬂio Jf}& Wi ows ¢ Hhe shar ke A . | 10. SEP Use Mathematics Kepler’s law of planetary periods is represented in Equation 2, where T is the orbital period, a is the ellipse’s semimajor axis, and k is a proportionality constant. How would the period of a planet with a semimajor axis length of a compare to that of a planet with a semimajor axis length equal to a2? 2 3 Equation 2: T = ka e D = e P—— S — e e @ paed Bt . \ | \ RPN 5”"’“‘““« Copyright © 2022 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flinn Scientific and its affiliates are not responsible for any modifications made by end users to the content posted in its original format.

Adobe Scan Nov 30, 2023

Related Documents