research paper on hard drives (1)

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Jaden Lee Mohsen Janatpour Physics 250 13 December 2022 What makes a Hard Drive work? What components are on a Hard Drive? Actuator This piece has the function of moving the arm and head to the right spot to either read or write data. When a command is given by the computer, the controller of the hard drive will locate where the data is located on the platter, and will make the arm move to it. Arm The arm is the piece connecting from the actuator system to the head, and it will move the head to the right place to read or write data. This arm will also keep the head just a few millionths of an inch above the disc surface so that the head will not damage the platter with scratches. Head This is a magnet attached to the end of the arm, and it is the actual piece that will track or take data from the disc. It creates magnetism patterns on the platter, which is able to be retrieved by the read heads to access the data previously stored on the platter. Spindle The spindle is located in the center of the platter, which will keep the platter steady in the right position, but is also a motor that will spin the platter thousands of times per minute. The speed of the spindle motor determines how fast the head is able to read data from the platter. Platter The platter is where all the data written by the head is stored. They can be made of many different materials, but the essential one is the magnetic coating, which allows the head magnet to create or identify magnetism patterns on the spinning platter. This is done by a large system of 1s and 0s in the form of electromagnetism patterns of north and south forces. The read head tracks down the patterns and sends them back to the computer. Having multiple platters increases the storage space of the hard drive, as each one can only hold so much. It is vital for the platter to stay clean, as tiny scratches or dust could cause the platter to become unusable, similarly to CDs or DVDs.

How do Hard Drives work? The hard drive uses the magnet on the end of the arm, called the head. The platter part is made with a magnetic coating, and when the disc spins, data will be stored by the head to create a pattern for whatever it is commanded to by a computer. The head will not actually make contact, even though it may seem like it. The spinning platter will create a thin layer of air between the head and platter so that there is no contact. The data is stored through a set of 1s, and 0s, which are created when the head makes contact with the platter, and makes north and south magnetism, which will create the pattern for data storage. To

retrieve the stored data, a reader head on the arm is moved to the same spot as before, which will get the data of 1s and 0s from the north and south magnetism patterns. The disc will be spinning backwards when it is reading data. How do Hard drives break? The most common way a hard drive will break is from a head crash. This means that the head makes contact with the platter, scratching the magnetic coating, which means the head is not able to detect the magnetism forces. Since the head operates so close to the platter at the point that we cannot see the difference, small dust particles we do see could be obstruction to the magnet, and immediately cause a head crash. Hard drive discs are also damaged by high heats or moisture, as it could either overheat, or cause parts to break from water contact. Like all other mechanical mechanisms, pieces of the hard drive could also break off for a variety of reasons. Screws could come loose, or if a computer is dropped too hard, pieces could fall out from the shock movement. How are DVDs similar to Hard drives? There are some similarities between DVDs and hard drives, as they both store data using a pattern of 1s and 0s. While most DVDs are not rewritable, only the DVD-RW(DVD Rewritable) is able to change the data stored. These two storage systems also contain spinning discs to store and extract data stored. How are DVDs different from Hard drives? The main difference between these two mechanisms of storage is that DVDs are read by laser, while a hard drive uses magnetism with magnets to retrieve data. The laser is shot through a semi-reflective layer on the outside, which allows the light to pass through and access what is inside the disc. On the inside layers, there is a layer of dye where dots are made to signal either a 1 or a 0, which is how data is read by the laser. This is where the term “Burn” comes into use, as the heat from the laser of a DVD writer will burn a pattern of dots on the dye layer, and create 1s and 0s. This is the reason why DVD-Rs can only be written once, and is one of the biggest limitations, as the dye will permanently be made into the pattern. The process works differently for DVD Rewritables(DVD-RW), which as the name states, can be rewritten. Another difference between DVDs and hard drives is that a DVD is only able to store the data for a video and the sound, while hard drives can store any type of data. As stated before, DVDs can not have their data be re-written, which creates huge limitations on the

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functions of a DVD, which makes hard drives so much more useful on a long term basis. However, DVDs can still be somewhat usable in very few and far between cases, but it is outshone by USB flash drives in every way. Works Cited How do hard drives work . Ontrack. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.ontrack.com/en-gb/data-recovery/hard-drive/how-do-hard-drives-wor k#:~:text=Data%20is%20stored%20on%20a,fast%20rotation%20of%20the%20dis k. Parlante, N. (n.d.). How a hard drive works. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://cs.stanford.edu/people/nick/how-hard-drive-works/#:~:text=The%20hard %20drive%20contains%20a,the%20stored%200's%20and%201's Anatomy of a hard drive . Lazarus data recovery. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.lazarusdatarecovery.com/blog/anatomy-of-a-hard-drive Team, B. (2011, August 31). Hard drives 101: Magnetic storage . Tom's Hardware. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/hard-drive-magnetic-storage-hdd,3005.ht ml#:~:text=A%20drive%20writes%20data%20by,the%20surface%20of%20the%20 medium.

Nield, D. (2016, October 26). The four major components of a hard drive . Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-major-components-hard-drive-70821.html 30, A. (1999, August 30). What's a DVD and how does it work? Scientific American. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-a-dvd-and-how-does/#:~:text=T he%20disc%20revolves%20in%20a,the%20detector%20by%20the%20pits. Burn . Burn Definition. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://techterms.com/definition/burn#:~:text=%22Burning%22%20is%20the%20 process%20of,data%20encoded%20on%20the%20disc. Chris Woodford. Last updated: February 17. (2022, February 17). How do CD and DVD players work? Explain that Stuff. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.explainthatstuff.com/cdplayers.html DVD RW media - blank DVD rewritable discs (DVD+RW / DVD-RW) - DVD+RW inkjet printable . Verbatim. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.verbatim.com/subcat/optical-media/dvd/dvd-rw/#:~:text=DVD%20Re %2DWritable%20(DVD%20RW,video%20and%20home%20movie%20collections .

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