Impulse Investigation part 2

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Temple University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Impulse investigation part 2 Impulse - JavaLab Collect at least 4 force vs time graphs that show what happens when the ball is made of different types of rubber. When the softness/hardness is changed, the mass of the ball is not changed. Paste images of the graphs here, specifying what type of ball was used. Softest Ball:
Relatively Softer Ball:
Relatively Harder Ball: Hardest Ball:
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General questions: What is the ball doing/where is the ball at time zero on each graph? At time zero, regardless of whether the ball is soft or hard, the ball has just touched the ground. The graph is plotted for the duration for which the ball is in contact with the ground, and at time zero the ball has just hit the ground. What are the main differences between the graphs for the different balls? The main differences between the graphs for the different balls are the duration and maximum force. The duration between the different balls slightly varies, with the softest ball having the most contact time with the ground and the hardest ball spending the least time on the ground. Also, the duration between when the balls hit the ground and when they experience the maximum force is different with the time interval between impact and maximum force being the longest for the softest ball and shortest for the hardest ball. Another difference between the balls is the maximum force, with the hardest ball experiencing the most force and the softest ball experiencing the least. For each graph: Describe how the shape of the force vs time graph relates to what you saw happen in the close up of the ball as interacted with the floor. Softest Ball: Since this ball was the softest, it spent the most amount of time on the ground (prolonged impact) and took longer to bounce back. Therefore, the graph corresponding to this ball is the widest (maximum time) but shortest (least force). time = 0.3 seconds F max = 10 N
Relatively Softer Ball: This ball was relatively soft, so it spent a moderate amount of time on the ground, but it experienced more force than the softest ball, therefore the graph is a bit less wide and goes higher. time = 0.24 seconds F max = 12 N Relatively Harder Ball: This ball was relatively hard, so it spent less time on the ground and experienced more force than the softer balls, therefore the graph is more narrow and tall. time = 0.1 seconds F max = 30 N Hardest Ball: This ball was the hardest and spent the least amount of time for impact, and experienced the most force. Therefore, the graph corresponding to this ball is the narrowest (minimum time) but tallest (maximum force). time = 0.09 seconds F max = 35 N Analysis: Based on what you know about freefall, approximate the velocity of each ball right before it hits the ground. The girl is about 1.2 m tall. Givens: Displacement/height of the girl (d) = 1.2 m Initial velocity (vi) = 0 Acceleration (a) = 9.8 m/s Final velocity (vf) = ? vf 2 vi 2 = 2 ad vf 2 0 = 2 × 9.8 × 1.2 vf = 4.85 m / s The velocity of the ball right before it hits the ground is approximately 4.85 m/s. Based on what you have learned about energy conservation, what is the velocity of the ball as it bounces up from the ground? Initial potential energy = mgh h = 1.2 m g = 9.8 m/s Therefore, PE = 9.8 × 1.2 KE of the ball = 1 2 mv 2 Therefore, PE = KE 9.8 × 1.2 = 1 2 ×m×v 2 v 2 = 9.8 × 1.2 × 2
v = 4.85 m / s The ball bounces up from the ground with the same velocity as the freefall velocity, then slows down and stops when it reaches 1.2 m. Calculate the change in momentum for the ball that is caused by its interaction with the floor. P = m ( vf vi ) P = 164 ( 0 4.85 ) P =− 795.4 kgm / s What is the area under each graph? (You will have to make some estimated calculations of the shapes under the graphs.) Softest Ball: Triangle 1 A = ½ (0.1 × 10) A = ½ (1) A = 0.5 Square A = 0.1 × 10 A = 1 Triangle 2 A = ½ (0.1 × 10) A = ½ (1) A = 0.5 0.5 + 1 + 0.5 = 2 Relatively Softer Ball:
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Triangle A = ½ (0.1 × 10) A = ½ (1) A = 0.5 Square A = 0.1 × 10 A = 1 0.1 + 1 = 1.5 Relatively Harder Ball: Rectangle 1 A = 0.08 × 10 A = 0.8 Rectangle 2 A = 0.06 × 10 A = 0.6 Rectangle 3 A = 0.03 × 10 A = 0.3 0.8 + 0.6 + 0.3 = 1.7
Hardest Ball: Rectangle 1 A = 0.07 × 10 A = 0.7 Rectangle 2 A = 0.05 × 10 A = 0.5 Rectangle 3 A = 0.03 × 10 A = 0.3 Rectangle 4 A = 0.02 × 10 A = 0.2 0.8 + 0.6 + 0.3 + 0.2 = 1.9 Conclusion: Explain what information you can determine by looking at a force vs time graph. In conclusion, by looking at a force vs time graph we can determine the velocity of the object when it hits the ground and when it bounces back up, the change in momentum caused by its interaction with the floor, and the area under each graph.