Physics Lab report #1.pdf

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Celine Lacmanen Lab Partner: Bonu Guliamova Physics 203 - Section LM1 Professor Raspopin Lab TA Mohammed Lab #1 Measurements Introduction: Within most science courses, measurements are measured using SI units which include but are not limited to: length, mass and time. Length measures how long an object is or how far away a city is, length goes hand in hand with distance. Mass and matter correlate with each other as matter is defined as anything that can take up space. Mass measures the amount of matter in an object or a particle. Time helps keeping track of daily duties as well as measures how long a reaction will take to occur. All three of these measurements, length, mass, and time are crucial measurements that students need to be comfortable and familiar with working with them. The students were tasked with being able to measure different objects using the three units of length, mass and time. While conducting the experiment it was essential to input the data into Microsoft Excel in order to identify the types of relationships each object had with the designated unit of measurement. My TA allowed students to work in groups of 2-3 thus, my partner and I worked collaboratively to measure and enter data. Procedure: The materials utilized were the tools and objects that were provided along with Microsoft Excel. The materials included: 1 meter stick, string, a digital caliper, toothpicks, two circular objects, a timer, paper tape, a wood block, 12 inch ruler, a paper fish, and a 500 gram object. - To start the experiments, first my partner measured my head circumference as well as how many times my heart beats per minute. In order to measure the head circumference we used the paper tape measure in units of centimeters and wrapped it around the head. After measuring my head, my partner then checked my pulse and we calculated how many beats per minute my heart beat, using the stopwatch. When my partner was finished measuring my head circumference as well as my heart beat I then measured her wrist and neck circumstances. - Moreover, the other part of the first experiment was to measure the three circular objects which consisted of: the small disk, the big disk and the mass object. My partner and I measured the circumference along with the diameter of each object then input our data into excel. The data interpreted by excel displayed a scatter plot, which signifies some type of relationship of each object. Finally, we drew a trendline in order to identify the slope of the line and use it as the estimate of pi. -The second measurement required us to use toothpicks to create an approximately circular shape. We measured the circumference by counting the number of sticks used in the outside shape and measured the diameter with the amount of toothpicks that fit across the inside of the shape. We then calculated the estimate of pi by dividing both measurements by each other.

-The third measurement was not particularly a physical measurement rather a virtual one as it included google maps. My partner and I had to pick places on the map to make a virtual circle in order to calculate the circumference and diameter. We used the maps interface to obtain the circumference and diameter of Columbus Circle, Cherry Hill and Bethesda Fountain. We also entered these values into excel to find an estimated value of pi. -The fourth measurement was the paper fish which required us to use the 12 inch ruler. After finding the exact length of the paper fish, we then had to report the length of uncertainty. -The fifth experiment dealt with the density of the wood block. We first had to measure the mass of the wood block which contained weighing the block on the vernier caliper. After capturing the mass of the wood block, we then started measuring the height, length and width of the object utilizing the meter stick. In order to calculate the density of the wood block, my partner and I multiply the height, length and width to get the volume then divide using the density formula. Density is equal to mass over volume. -Finally the last experiment consisted of a time of oscillations for a basic pendulum. We had to measure the amount of the time it took for the pendulum to swing back and forth once at different lengths. The range of length was between 10 cm and 1.5 meters thus, my partner and I chose 150cm which is equal to 1.5 meters then decreased by 25 cm. The 5 different lengths of measurement we chose were 150 cm, 125 cm, 100 cm, 75 cm and 50 cm. We began with the largest length 150 cm and attached the mass object to the end. My partner swung the pendulum and I recorded the time it took for the pendulum to complete one full swing. At the end the data was plotted on excel to show the time for one oscillation as a function for the length of the swing. Data: Measurement 1a Head Circumference: 57 cm Heartheart: 110 bpm Measurement 1b Wrist Circumference: 14 cm Neck Circumference: 31.5 cm Measurement 2: Circular objects Object Diameter Circumference Mass object 3.2 10.048 Small Disk 4.3 13.502 Large Disk 6.5 20.41 Estimate of Pi: 3.14

Measurement 3: Almost circles with toothpicks Number of Segments Diameter Circumference 1 10 3.1 2 6 2 3 4 1.4 Estimate of Pi: 3.84

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Measurement 4: Earthy Circles (Google maps) Name of Feature Diameter Circumference Columbus Circle 64.88 199.82 Cherry Hill 49.07 15.64 Bethesda Fountain 92.69 29.71 Estimate of Pi: 3.08 Measurement of the Fish: Length: 12.8 cm Length Uncertainty : 12.8 + 0.2 Experiment: Density of Wood p=m/V Density: 0. 4257g/cm^3

Final measurement: Time of Oscillations Length of Pendulum (cm) Period (seconds) 150 2.94 125 2.44 100 2.1 75 1.97 50 1.72 Report Questions: 1) Discuss the limitations of these methods for calculating . Which method was the best? The worst? Are there improvements to be made? -The limitations for calculating pi was that the accuracy on the value was accurate. Within our measurements all estimated pi values were pretty close to 3.14. For the second experiment my partner and I got exactly 3.14 then for the others we got 3.84, and 3.08 which was not extremely out of the range of pi. The best method was plugging in the values into excel whereas compared to the toothpicks experiment we divided the results to get a pi estimate 3.84 which was still within the range of pi. 2) Determine the uncertainty of your density measurement. This will involve some

algebraic calculation. Next, find an online database that you can use to look up the density of various woods. Try to match your piece of wood with a known tree. Discuss whether you can be certain of your identification. -The uncertainty is 0.4257 Based on this chart with different densities, the Hemlock wood is the one closest to the density of the piece of wood we had to measure. 3) Based only on your experimental data, can you say how the time for one swing relates to the length of the pendulum? Is there a clear functional dependence? What could you do to make the experiment better? -Based on our experimental data, there is a functional dependency between length and time. The graph above indicates that the longer the length of the rope is, the longer it will take for it to make the full swing. There is a linear trend upwards. To make the experiment better I think it would be better to have different cut out string lengths to possibly obtain more precise results. 4) If there is any correlation between the circumference of someone's head and the time between heartbeats? Would you expect there to be one? What about the measurements of the wrist and neck circumferences? Do any patterns emerge based on that data? -There is no correlation between the circumference of someone’s head and the time between heartbeats. There is no dependency or linear trend and I would not expect there to be one due to the circumference of one’s head has no impact on how fast their heart beats. Conclusion: The objective of this experiment was to become familiar and comfortable with the units of measurements and the different types of measurements that are done during lab experiments. Additionally, this lab was helpful as it provided us with information to input to excel in order to get used to how to work with the software. By using excel it is beneficial as it creates a visual understanding of the linear relationships between the trends. It also portrays data collected from

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experiments in order to understand the connection of the data in different contexts. This was a pretty straightforward lab and I look forward to conducting more experiments with my partner or group.

Part A 0.10- 0.12= blank test tube 0.23 =test tube 1 0.33 = test tube 2 0.53 =test tube 3 0.55=test tube 4 Slope : 2120x +0.12 Part B 0.13= blank test tube 0.28=test tube 1 0.58= test tube 2 0.82 = test tube 3 0.92 = test tube 4 1.11=test tube 5

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