Lab 29 PHYS

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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PHYSICS 120 LAB Lab 29, Online Lab of Mirrors and Lenses 7/2/2020 Noah Kellermann Introduction: In lab 29, Mirrors and Lenses we observe the different characteristics of the mirrors and lenses. Lenses and mirrors are found in all daily essential optical instruments, this includes cameras, microscopes and telescopes. For this lab superficially we will obtain the relationship between the position of an object and the position of its image for a lens and a curved mirror. In some instances, the image will be a real image, this means that the light is at the image location, which allows it to be projected onto a screen. In another scenario, the image will be a virtual image, which means that the light comes from the location of the image, but there is no actual light at that location. There will be one mirror and 2 different lenses that the stimulation allows for us to visualize whether a real image is produced, or a virtual image is produced. The mirror that was examined was specifically the concave spherical mirror. These mirrors show that light rays that are parallel to the axis of the mirror converge after reflection from the mirror to the focal point. It is found that light from a far-away object will form a real, inverted image in the focal plane. One of the ways to determine where the image will be formed is by using the mirror equation, where f is the focal point, p is the object distance and q is the image distance. A virtual image can be formed by placing a luminous object closer to the mirror than the principal focus. The first lens that was examined, is the Converging Lens. They can be identified by their shape, This, is because they are relatively thick across their middle and thin at their lower and upper edges. When the light rays converge, they will converge to a focal point. The second lenses are the Diverging lenses, which could also be identified by their shape. Diverging lens are thin across their middle and thick at their upper and lower edges. When the light rays diverge, then the diverging rays can be traced backwards until they intersect a focal point. This is the reason that they produce negative focal points.

Nomenclature Variable, Abbreviation Description, Units of Measure Image Distance, The distance from the image to the mirror. Object Distance, p the distance from the luminous object to the mirror. Focal Length, the distance from the center to the circumference of a circle. It is half of the circle's diameter, cm. Formulas Purpose 1/f = 1/p + 1/q The mirror equation shows the quantitative correlation of the object distance (p) the image distance (q) and the focal length (f), cm. Percent Error = | [(experimental-Equation for the variance/deviation of an experimental Experiment Protocol Method the procedure described by the Physics Faculty (1) is utilized for the experiment. the procedure was done under the guidance of the Online Lab or Mirrors and Lenses, Update pages 1-5, which was done by the 1 single online simulation. Table A: Object Placement F(cm) P(cm) Q(cm) Object Height (cm) Image Height (cm) Orientati on (erect or inverted F calc Percent Error Inside f 20 10.5 -21.6 10 21 Erect 20.4 1.9% On f 20 20 Infinite 10 -infinite Inverted 20 0% Between f and 2f 20 30.4 58.7 10 -19.3 Inverted 20 0% On 2f 20 40 40 10 -10 Inverted 20 0% Outside of 2f 20 46.6 35 10 -7.5 Inverted 20 0% Table B:

Object Placement F(cm) P(cm) Q(cm) Object Height (cm) Image Height (cm) Orientati on (erect or inverted F calc Percent Error Inside f 20 13.5 -40.9 10 30.5 Erect 20.24 1% On f 20 20 infinite 10 Infinite Inverted 20 0% Between f and 2f 20 31 56.9 10 -18.3 Inverted 20.06 0% On 2f 20 40 40 10 -10 Inverted 20.00 0% Outside of 2f 20 49.1 33.8 10 -6.8 Inverted 20.02 0% Table C: Object Placement F(cm) P(cm) Q(cm) Object Height (cm) Image Height (cm) Orientati on (erect or inverted F calc Percent Error Inside f 20 10.4 -6.5 10 6.4 Erect -17.3 16% On f 20 20 -10 10 5 Erect -20 0% Between f and 2f 20 29.4 -11.8 10 4.1 Erect -19.7 2% On 2f 20 40 -13.1 10 3.3 Erect -19.5 3% Outside of 2f 20 50 -14 10 2.9 Erect -19.4 3% Conclusion Interpretation/ Analysis TABLE A Percent Error inside f 1.9% on f 0% Between f and 2f 0% on 2f 0% Outside of 2f 0% TABLE B: Percent Error inside f=1% on f 0% Between f and 2f 0%

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on 2f 0% Outside of 2f 0% TABLE C Percent Error inside f 16% on f 0% Between f and 2f 2% on 2f 3% Outside of 2f 3% For table A there was no percent error, except for inside f had 1.9% percent error. This can be due to there being no deviation of the distance from the focus to the mirror. While the was a percent error found inside f of 1.9%, it was the only one that q that was negative. This meant that a virtual image was produced, which could explain the deviation in percent. For table B there was no percent error, except for inside f had 1% percent error. This can be due to there being no deviation of the distance from the focus to the mirror. While the was a percent error found inside f of 1 %, it was the only one that q that was negative. This meant that a virtual image was produced, which could explain the deviation in percent. This is also a common property of converging lens. When a real object is placed in between the focal point and lens, this leads to virtual image to form on the same side of the lens. For table C there was only one high value of percent error of 16% in the inside f. This could be explained by the constant production of a virtual image no matter the position of the real object.

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